Abstract
Australia’s retirement savings regime requires employers to make contributions to a superannuation fund for their employees. Workers who may have no experience of investment are asked to make relatively complex decisions, which have significant implications for their retirement lifestyle. Evidence suggests individuals may be unduly influenced by recent historical returns when making investment choices. Such a bias may produce sub-optimal results over the longer-term. This paper uses a large database from four not-for-profit retirement savings funds to investigate members’ investment choices using logistic regression and multi-variate tests. We find evidence that choices are driven by recent historical returns. We also investigate demographics and find a link between age and return chasing behaviour.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agnew, J., Balduzzi, P., & Sunden, A. (2003). Portfolio choice and trading in a large 401(k) Plan. American Economic Review, 93(1), 193–215.
Album, A. (1998). Britain’s private pensions disaster. Personal Investment, June, 88–90.
Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. (2007). Annual superannuation bulletin: June 2006. Retrieved June 8, 2007, from http://www.apra.gov.au/Statistics/Superannuation-Institutions-Statistics.cfm.
Bajtelsmit, V. L., Bernasek, A., & Jianakoplos, N. A. (1999). Gender differences in defined contribution pension decisions. Financial Services Review, 8(1), 1–10.
Bateman, H. (2006). Saving the future: Can the under-40s afford to grow old? JASSA, (2), 22–23.
Benartzi, S., & Thaler, R. H. (2001). Naive diversification strategies in defined contribution saving plans. American Economic Review, 91(1), 79–98.
Benartzi, S., & Thaler, R. H. (2002). How much is investor autonomy worth? Journal of Finance, 57(4), 1593–1616.
Bernasek, A., & Shwiff, S. (2001). Gender, risk, and retirement. Journal of Economic Issues, 35(2), 345–356.
Bohn, H., & Tesar, L. (1996). U.S. equity investment in foreign markets: Portfolio rebalancing or return chasing? American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 86(2), 77–81.
Brown, P., da Silva Rosa, R. & McNaughton, T. (2006). A portrait of managed fund investors. BT Quarterly (2), BT Financial Group.
Byrne, A., Blake, D., Cairns, A., & Dowd, K. (2006). There’s no time like the present: the cost of delaying retirement saving. Financial Services Review, 15(3), 213–232.
Capon, N., Fizsimons, G. J., & Prince, R. A. (1996). An individual level analysis of the mutual fund investment decision. Journal of Financial Services Research, 10(1), 59–82.
Chernev, A. (2004). Extremeness aversion and attribute-balance effects in choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 249–263.
Chevalier, J., & Ellison, G. (1997). Risk taking by mutual fund managers as a response to incentives. Journal of Political Economy, 105, 1167–1200.
Choe, H., Kho, B.-C., & Stulz, R. M. (2005). Do domestic investors have an edge? The trading experience of foreign investors in Korea. Review of Financial Studies, 18(3), 795–829.
Clare, R. (2002). Mind the gaps. Superfunds, February, 45–47.
Clare, R. (2006, February). The introduction of choice of superannuation fund - results to date. Retrieved May 4, 2006, from http://www.superannuation.asn.au.
Clare, R., & Connor, D. (1999). The Superannuation market in Australia. Sydney: ASFA Research Centre.
Clark, R. L., & Pitts, M. M. (1999). Faculty choice of a pension plan: Defined benefit versus defined contribution. Industrial Relations, 38(1), 18–45.
Clark-Murphy, M., & Gerrans, P. (2001). Choices and retirement savings: some preliminary results on superannuation fund member decisions. Economic Papers, 20(3), 29–42.
Cronqvist, H., & Thaler, R. H. (2004). Design choices in privatized social-security systems: Learning from the Swedish experience. American Economic Review, 94(2), 424–428.
Delpachitra, S., & Beal, D. (2002). Factors influencing planning for retirement. Economic Papers, 21(3), 1–13.
Dulebohn, J. H., Murray, B., & Sun, M. (2000). Selection among employer-sponsored pension plans: The role of individual differences. Personnel Psychology, 53, 405–432.
Dunstan, B. (1999). Time to rethink superannuation-choice turkey. The Australian Financial Review, November, 35.
Dwyer, P. D., Gilkeson, J. H., & List, J. A. (2002). Gender differences in revealed risk taking: Evidence from mutual fund investors. Economics Letters, 76, 151–158.
Fama, E. F. (1991). Efficient capital markets II. Journal of Finance, 46(5), 1575–1617.
Frazzini, A. & Lamont, O. A. (2005, August). Dumb money: Mutual fund flows and the cross-section of stock returns. Retrieved September 20, 2005, from http://ssrn.com/abstract=776014.
Gallery, N., Gallery, G. & Brown, K. (2000). Academics’ educated choice: No thanks. Superfunds, July, 22–26.
Gerrans, P. (2004). Australian managed fund ratings and individual investors. Australian Journal of Management, 29(1), 87–107.
Gerrans, P., & Clark-Murphy, M. (2004). Gender differences in retirement savings decisions. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 3(2), 145–164.
Gustman, A. L., & Steinmeier, T. L. (1992). The stampede toward defined contribution pension plans: Fact or fiction. Industrial Relations, 31(2), 361–369.
Haveman, R., Holden, K., Wolfe, B., & Sherlund, S. (2006). Do newly retired workers in the United States have sufficient resources to maintain well-being? Economic Inquiry, 44(2), 249–264.
Hedesstrom, T. M., Svedsater, H., & Garling, T. (2004). Indentifying heuristic choice rules in the Swedish premium pension scheme. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 5(1), 32–42.
Huberman, G., & Jiang, W. (2006). Offering versus choice in 401(k) plans: Equity exposure and number of funds. The Journal of Finance, 61(2), 763–802.
Ippolito, R. A. (1992). Consumer reaction to measures of poor quality: Evidence from the mutual fund industry. Journal of Law & Economics, 35, 937–958.
Karceski, J. (2002). Returns-chasing behavior, mutual funds and beta’s death. Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis, 37(4), 559–594.
Kelly, S. (2006). Mapping behavioural trends of the baby boomers. Paper presented at the Committee for Economic Development of Australia (CEDA) ‘Demographic Destiny’ Conference, Sydney, October 23.
Kim, H., & DeVaney, S. A. (2005). The selection of partial or full retirement by older workers. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 26(3), 371–394.
Lai, C. W. (2006). Determinants of portfolio efficiency losses in US self-directed pension Accounts. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 27(4), 601–625.
Lai, C. W. (2008). How retired households and households approaching retirement handle their equity investments in the United States. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 29(4), 601–622.
Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection. Journal of Finance, 7, 77–91.
Malkiel, B. G. (2007). A random walk down Wall Street (9th ed.). New York: W·W. Norton.
Malkiel, B. G. (2003). The efficient market hypothesis and its critics. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), 59–82.
Marks, G. N., Headey, B., & Wooden, M. (2005). Household wealth in Australia: Its components, distribution and correlates. Journal of Sociology, 41(1), 47–68.
Mei, J., & Saunders, A. (1997). Have U.S. financial institutions’ real estate investments exhibited “trend-chasing” behavior? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(2), 248–258.
O’Neill, B. (2007). Do automated saving and investing strategies work? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 28(2), 321–335.
Papke, L. E. (2004). Individual financial decisions in retirement saving plans: the role of participant-direction. Journal of Public Economics, 88(1–2), 39–61.
Plum Financial Services. (2001). Plum super fitness survey. Retrieved January 14, 2002, from http://www.plumfs.com.au/.
Purcell, P. J. (2004). Retirement savings and household wealth: A summary of recent data. Journal of Pension Planning and Compliance, 30(2), 1–29.
Quine, S., Bernard, D., & Kendig, H. (2006). Understanding baby boomers expectations and plans for their retirement: Findings from a qualitative study. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 25(3), 145–150.
Quinlivan, B. (1997). Women & money: Six ways to win. Personal Investment, July, 40–51.
Sapp, T., & Tiwari, A. (2004). Does stock return momentum explain the “smart money” effect? Journal of Finance, 59(6), 2605–2622.
Schubert, R., Brown, M., Gysler, M., & Brachinger, H. W. (1999). Financial decision-making: Are women really more risk averse? American Economic Review, 89(2), 381–385.
Seth-Iyengar, S., Huberman, G., & Jiang, W. (2004). How much choice is too much? Contributions to 401(k) retirement plans. In O. S. Mitchell & S. P. Utkus (Eds.), Pension design and structure: Lessons from behavioural finance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Shefrin, H. (2000). Beyond greed and fear. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Skinner, J. S. (2007). Are you sure you’re saving enough for retirement? NBER Working Paper No. W12981, March. Retrieved May 17 2007 from http://ssrn.com/abstract=975922.
Sirri, E. R., & Tufano, P. (1998). Costly search and mutual fund flows. Journal of Finance, 53, 1589–1622.
Tuck, S. (2006). Getting better all the time. Superfunds, February, 18–19.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124–1131.
VanDerhei, J. L., & Olsen, K. A. (2000). Social security investment accounts: Lessons from participant-directed 401(k) data. Financial Services Review, 9(1), 65–78.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of AustralianSuper, GESB, HESTA and UniSuper, and in the conduct of this research. We would also like to thank Jacqui Whale for her excellent work on complex databases.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Clark-Murphy, M., Gerrans, P. & Speelman, C. Return Chasing as a Driver in Individual Retirement Savings Investment Choices: Evidence from Australia. J Fam Econ Iss 30, 4–19 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-008-9133-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-008-9133-8