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Parental Expressed Emotion Towards Child with Psychiatric Disorder vs. Healthy Sibling

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Abstract

Coping with a child’s psychiatric disorder involves various challenges for parents that can result in family burden. One factor related to family burden, which has been examined in previous studies, involves the interaction of the parent with the child diagnosed with the disorder. The current study, expanding on this notion, examined the interactions between parents and two of their children, one with a disorder and one without, by assessing parental expressed emotion (EE). The study also assessed the relations between the interactions with each child, examining whether these two interactions were positively or negatively-related: the “spillover hypothesis” and the “compensation hypothesis,” respectively. In addition, the current study examined a mediation model whereby parental competence would mediate the association between parental EE towards each child and perceived family burden. 41 parents, whose children were treated at a mental health center, participated in the study. The Five Minute Speech Sample was administered to the parents to assess parental EE, as well as scales of parental competence and family burden. Results showed positive correlations between parental EE towards the two children (in the relationship and warmth subscales). The mediation model was confirmed only with regard to parental EE (relationship subscale) towards the child with the disorder. These findings support the spillover hypothesis, according to which feelings and cognitions are transferred from one family subsystem to another. Findings also highlight the importance of sense of competence in parenting a child with a psychiatric disorder, as it reduces family burden.

Highlights

  • Parental expressed emotion (EE) towards child with a disorder and healthy child were positively-related.

  • The finding supports the “spillover hypothesis”—transferring emotions from one child to the other.

  • More warmth and less emotional over-involvement towards the healthy child were observed.

  • We found negative association between parents competence and family burden.

  • Parental competence is a key factor in reducing family burden for a child with a disorder.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

    Miri Gnainsky & Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon

  2. Child and Adolescent Division, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel

    Gal Shoval & Nesrin Lubbad

  3. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Gal Shoval & Nesrin Lubbad

  4. School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Yaffo, Israel

    Gil Goldzweig

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  1. Miri Gnainsky
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  2. Gal Shoval
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  4. Gil Goldzweig
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  5. Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. M.G.: leading, conceptualizing the research question and drafting the manuscript. I.H.O.: conceptualizing the research question and drafting the manuscript. G.G.: data analysis and contribution to writing the manuscript. G.S. and N.L.: Assistance in study design application and contribution to writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Miri Gnainsky.

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The authors declare no competing interest.

Ethics Approval in Research Involving Human Participants

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of “Geha” Mental Health Center (28.1.2018./No 0004-18-GEH).

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Gnainsky, M., Shoval, G., Lubbad, N. et al. Parental Expressed Emotion Towards Child with Psychiatric Disorder vs. Healthy Sibling. J Child Fam Stud 31, 764–773 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02052-9

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