Abstract
As screens become even more embedded in the everyday lives of young children, understanding the predictors of screen time becomes increasingly important. Our study investigated the predictors of total screen time on a weekday for children at two years of age using data from the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal (GUiNZ) study. Our selection of variables was informed by previous research into the predictors of screen time for children aged up to three years, as well as the wider literature on parenting and children’s media exposure. We hypothesised that parenting behaviours related to the home media environment would be the most important variables overall. These included coviewing, exposure of children to adult-directed content, TV environment and rules restricting the amount of time that children can spend watching TV, DVD or video. A model including mother, partner and child variables (N = 3081) was tested using GLM Poisson regression in SPSS. Results demonstrated that children’s higher use of screen media on a weekday was significantly associated with exposure to a moderate to high or heavy TV environment compared to a low TV environment, exposure to adult-directed TV or DVDs, having no rules about how much time the child can spend viewing TV or videos or DVDs, the child being of Asian ethnicity compared to European ethnicity, and the child not attending childcare regularly. Higher coviewing with the child was significantly negatively, or inversely, associated with screen time. We consider practice implications for children’s screen time, study limitations, and recommendations for future research.
Highlights
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Multiple modifiable screen media parenting practices predicted two-year-olds’ weekday screen time.
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TV environment and viewing adult-directed content were particularly strong predictors of two-year-olds’ screen time.
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Our findings are based on a comprehensive measure of screen time, not only TV viewing.
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Data provided by fathers as well as mothers were utilised in the current study.
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Growing Up in New Zealand has been funded by the New Zealand Ministries of Social Development, Health, Education, Justice and the former Pacific Island Affairs (now the Ministry of Pacific Peoples); the former Ministry of Science Innovation and the former Department of Labour (now both part of the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment); the former Ministry of Women’s Affairs (now the Ministry for Women); the Department of Corrections; the former Families Commission (later known as the Social Policy Evaluation and Research Unit and now disestablished); Te Puni Kokiri; New Zealand Police; Sport New Zealand; the Housing New Zealand Corporation; and the former Mental Health Commission, The University of Auckland and Auckland UniServices Limited. Other support for the study has been provided by the NZ Health Research Council, Statistics New Zealand, the Office of the Children’s Commissioner and the Office of Ethnic Affairs. The study has been designed and conducted by the Growing Up in New Zealand study team, led by the University of Auckland. The authors acknowledge the contributions of the original study investigators: Susan M.B. Morton, Polly E. Atatoa Carr, Cameron C. Grant, Arier C. Lee, Dinusha K. Bandara, Jatender Mohal, Jennifer M. Kinloch, Johanna M. Schmidt, Mary R. Hedges, Vivienne C. Ivory, Te Kani R. Kingi, Renee Liang, Lana M. Perese, Elizabeth Peterson, Jan E. Pryor, Elaine Reese, Elizabeth M. Robinson, Karen E. Waldie, Clare R. Wall. The views reported in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Growing Up in New Zealand Investigators.
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Corkin, M.T., Peterson, E.R., Henderson, A.M.E. et al. The Predictors of Screen Time at Two Years in a Large Nationally Diverse Cohort. J Child Fam Stud 30, 2076–2096 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-01985-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-01985-5