Skip to main content
Log in

From Presence to Participation: Engagement with an SMS Program for Fathers of Children on the Autism Spectrum

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fathers of children on the autism spectrum are often in need of support due to high levels of parenting stress and the complexity associated with raising these children. While the importance of the fathering role as both parent and partner is well recognized, the recruitment of fathers into support programs is often resource intensive and generally fails to achieve desired levels of enrollment and retention. Text2dads explored paternal engagement with a program providing text-based information and support to smartphones of Australian fathers (N = 184) raising children on the autism spectrum. The evaluation is scaffolded by Piotrowska et al.’s CAPE model of engagement—Connection, Attendance, Participation and Enactment. Analysis demonstrated high rates of connection and participation when compared to other father-focused interventions. Evidence from response rates, comments and surveys demonstrate that fathers actively participated in the project while also reporting that they applied information gained from Text2dads in their parenting behavior. Advances in mobile communication have created opportunities to engage with fathers using alternative modes of intervention. The present study demonstrates support for the acceptability of this cost effective and highly scalable program.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, S. M., & Hawkins, A. J. (2006). Maternal gatekeeping: mothers’ beliefs and behaviors that inhibit greater father involvement in family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(1), 199. https://doi.org/10.2307/353894.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blakemore, T., Strazdins, L., & Gibbings, J. (2009). Measuring family socioeconomic position. Australian Social Policy, 1(8), 121–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brobst, J. B., Clopton, J. R., & Hendrick, S. S. (2009). Parenting children with autism spectrum disorders: The couple’s relationship. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357608323699.

  • Dadds, M. R., Collins, D. A. J., Doyle, F. L., Tully, L. A., Hawes, D. J., Lenroot, R. K., Anderson, V., Frick, P. J., Moul, C., Kimonis, E. R. (2018). A benchmarking study of father involvement in Australian child mental health services. PLoS ONE, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203113.

  • Fabiano, G. A., & Caserta, A. (2018). Future directions in father inclusion, engagement, retention, and positive outcomes in child and adolescent research. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47(5), 847–862. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1485106.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, R., Freeman, E., & Matthey, S. (2011). The impact of behavioural parent training on fathers’ parenting: a meta-analysis of the triple p-positive parenting program. Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research, and Practice about Men as Fathers, 9(3), 291–312. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.0903.291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, R., May, C., Lambkin, F. K., Gemmill, A. W., Cann, W., Nicholson, J. M., & Skinner, G. (2017). SMS4dads: providing information and support to new fathers through mobile phones—a pilot study. Advances in Mental Health, 15(2), 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/18387357.2016.1245586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flippin, M., & Crais, E. R. (2011). The need for more effective father involvement in early autism intervention. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(1), 24–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053815111400415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frascarolo, F., Feinberg M., Sznitman, G. A. & Faves, N. (2016). Professional gatekeeping toward fathers: a powerful influence on family and child development. Perspectives in Infant Mental Health, (May), 4–7.

  • Gray, D. E. (2006). Coping over time: the parents of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50(12), 970–976. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00933.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hock, R. M., Timm, T. M., & Ramisch, J. L. (2012). Parenting children with autism spectrum disorders: a crucible for couple relationships. Child and Family Social Work, 17(4), 406–415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00794.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, C. D., & Fletcher, R. (2019). The development and application of a protocol for the writing, assessing, and validating of a corpus of relationship-focused text messages for new and expecting fathers. Health Informatics Journal, 25(2), 240–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458217704249.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • May, C. D., St George, J. M., Fletcher, R. J., Dempsey, I., & Newman, L. K. (2017). Coparenting competence in parents of children with ASD: a marker of coparenting quality. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(10), 2969–2980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3208-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • May, C., Fletcher, R., Dempsey, I., & Newman, L. (2015). Modeling relations among coparenting quality, autism-specific parenting self-efficacy, and parenting stress in mothers and fathers of children with ASD. Parenting, 15(2), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2015.1020145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McStay, R. L., Dissanayake, C., Scheeren, A., Koot, H. M., & Begeer, S. (2014). Parenting stress and autism: the role of age, autism severity, quality of life and problem behaviour of children and adolescents with autism. Autism, 18(5), 502–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361313485163.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pakenham, K. I., Sofronoff, K., & Samios, C. (2004). Finding meaning in parenting a child with Asperger syndrome: Correlates of sense making and benefit finding. Research in Developmental Disabilities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2003.06.003.

  • Panter-Brick, C., Burgess, A., Eggerman, M., McAllister, F., Pruett, K., & Leckman, J. F. (2014). Practitioner review: Engaging fathers–recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 55(11), 1187–1212. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12280.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Piotrowska, P. J., Tully, L. A., Lenroot, R., Kimonis, E., Hawes, D., Moul, C., & Dadds, M. R. (2017). Mothers, fathers, and parental systems: a conceptual model of parental engagement in programmes for child mental health—connect, attend, participate, enact (CAPE). Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 20(2), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-016-0219-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tully, L. A., Piotrowska, P. J., Collins, D. A. J., Frick, P. J., Anderson, V., Moul, C., & Dadds, M. R. (2018). Evaluation of ‘The Father Effect’ media campaign to increase awareness of, and participation in, an online father-inclusive parenting program. Health Communication, 00(00), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1495160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WebFX. (2009). Flesch-Kincaid readability test tool. https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/flesch-kincaid.html.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The contribution that staff from Positive Partnerships is acknowledged. Thank you to Alison McCrae, Laura Boyle, Craig Smith, Health Wild and Lee Casuscelli for all that you have done in the development and implementation of this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chris D. May.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (University of Newcastle’s Human Research Ethics Committee, Reference No: H-2018-0286 and the Human Research Ethics Committee at Autism Spectrum Australia, Reference: Text2dad) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

May, C.D., St George, J.M. & Lane, S. From Presence to Participation: Engagement with an SMS Program for Fathers of Children on the Autism Spectrum. J Child Fam Stud 30, 29–37 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01845-8

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01845-8

Keywords

Navigation