Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Adolescents and Body Uneasiness: the Contribution of Supportive Parenting and Trait Emotional Intelligence

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study aims to understand the mechanisms that link trait Emotional Intelligence (trait EI) and parenting in contributing to the development of body uneasiness in adolescents. Participants were 405 adolescents (152 males, 253 females), from 14 to 19 years old, who completed the Perceptions of Parents Scales, the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Adolescent Form, and the Body Uneasiness Test. Results confirmed that higher adolescents’ body uneasiness was predicted by lower perceived parental support and lower adolescent trait EI. Furthermore, our findings showed that trait EI had a mediational effect on the relation between the parenting dimension of autonomy-support and body uneasiness. These results shed light on the relationship between positive parenting practices and higher adolescents’ trait EI, which act together as protective factors of adolescents’ body uneasiness.

Highlights

  • Maternal and paternal autonomy-support relate to adolescents’ body uneasiness.

  • Adolescents’ trait emotional intelligence (EI) seems to be a protective factor against body uneasiness.

  • Parenting practices and trait EI are linked during youth psychological development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alegre, A. (2011). Parenting styles and children’s emotional intelligence: what do we know? The Family Journal, 19, 56–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amaral, A. C. S., & Ferreira, M. E. C. (2017). Body dissatisfaction and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: a longitudinal study. Body Image, 22, 32–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andrei, F., Mancini, G., Mazzoni, E., Russo, P. M., & Baldaro, B. (2015). Social status and its link with personality dimensions, trait emotional intelligence, and scholastic achievement in children and early adolescents. Learning and Individual Differences, 42, 97–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrei, F., Mancini, G., Trombini, E., Baldaro, B., & Russo, P. M. (2014). Testing the incremental validity of trait emotional intelligence: evidence from an Italian sample of adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 24–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrei, F., Nuccitelli, C., Mancini, G., Reggiani, G. M., & Trombini, E. (2018). Emotional intelligence, emotion regulation and affectivity in adults seeking treatment for obesity. Psychiatry Research, 269, 191–198.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Argyriou, E., Bakoyannis, G., & Tantaros, S. (2016). Parenting styles and trait emotional intelligence in adolescence. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 57, 42–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barberis, N., Costa, S., Cuzzocrea, F., & Quattropani, M. C. (2018). Trait EI in the relationship between needs fulfilment and symptoms and attitudes associated with EDs. Mental Health & Prevention, 10, 50–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barcaccia, B., Balestrini, V., Saliani, A. M., Baiocco, R., Mancini, F., & Schneider, B. H. (2018). Dysfunctional eating behaviors, anxiety, and depression in Italian boys and girls: the role of mass media. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 40, 72–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bearman, S. K., Presnell, K., Martinez, E., & Stice, E. (2006). The skinny on body dissatisfaction: a longitudinal study of adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35, 217–229.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Connell, L. E., & Francis, L. A. (2014). Positive parenting mitigates the effects of poor self-regulation on body mass index trajectories from ages 4–15 years. Health Psychology, 33, 757.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Costa, S., Cuzzocrea, F., Gugliandolo, M. C., & Larcan, R. (2016). Associations between parental psychological control and autonomy support, and psychological outcomes in adolescents: The mediating role of need satisfaction and need frustration. Child Indicators Research, 9(4), 1059–1076.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa, S., Barberis, N., Gugliandolo, M. C., Larcan, R., & Cuzzocrea, F. (2018). The intergenerational transmission of trait emotional intelligence: The mediating role of parental autonomy support and psychological control. Journal of Adolescence, 68, 105–116.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crespo, C., Kielpikowski, M., Jose, P. E., & Pryor, J. (2010). Relationships between family connectedness and body satisfaction: a longitudinal study of adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1392–1401.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cuesta-Zamora, C., González-Martí, I., & García-López, L. M. (2018). The role of trait emotional intelligence in body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms in preadolescents and adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 126, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuzzolaro, M., Bellini, M., Donini, L., & Santomassimo, C. (2008). Binge eating disorder and body uneasiness. Psihologijske Teme, 17, 287–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuzzolaro, M., Vetrone, G., Marano, G., & Garfinkel, P. E. (2006). The Body Uneasiness Test (BUT): development and validation of a new body image assessment scale. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 11, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, S. K., & Humphrey, N. (2012). The influence of emotional intelligence (EI) on coping and mental health in adolescence: divergent roles for trait and ability EI. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1369–1379.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Berardis, D., Carano, A., Gambi, F., Campanella, D., Giannetti, P., Ceci, A., & Di Matteo, D. (2007). Alexithymia and its relationships with body checking and body image in a non-clinical female sample. Eating Behaviors, 8, 296–304.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Panfilis, C., Rabbaglio, P., Rossi, C., Zita, G., & Maggini, C. (2003). Body image disturbance, parental bonding and alexithymia in patients with eating disorders. Psychopathology, 36, 239–246.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, D. A., Peter, J., de Graaf, H., & Nikken, P. (2016). Adolescents’ social network site use, peer appearance-related feedback, and body dissatisfaction: Testing a mediation model. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 211–224.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Fabio, A., & Saklofske, D. H. (2014). Promoting individual resources: the challenge of trait emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, 19–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duchesne, A. P., Dion, J., Lalande, D., Bégin, C., Émond, C., Lalande, G., & McDuff, P. (2017). Body dissatisfaction and psychological distress in adolescents: Is self-esteem a mediator? Journal of Health Psychology, 22, 1563–1569.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 241–273.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Frederick, D. A., Forbes, G. B., Grigorian, K. E., & Jarcho, J. M. (2007). The UCLA Body Project I: gender and ethnic differences in self-objectification and body satisfaction among 2,206 undergraduates. Sex Roles, 57, 317–327.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frederickson, N., Petrides, K. V., & Simmonds, E. (2012). Trait emotional intelligence as a predictor of socioemotional outcomes in early adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 323–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, K. J., Quinton, S., & Qualter, P. (2014). The role of trait and ability emotional intelligence in bulimic symptoms. Eating Behaviors, 15, 237–240.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gatti, E., Corsano, P., Majorano, M., & Confalonieri, E. (2013). Percezione corporea e autostima: un confronto tra preadolescenti del nord e sud Italia. Psicologia Clinica Dello Sviluppo, 17, 123–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girard, M., Rodgers, R. F., & Chabrol, H. (2018). Prospective predictors of body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and muscularity concerns among young women in France: a sociocultural model. Body Image, 26, 103–110.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gouveia, M. J., Canavarro, M. C., & Moreira, H. (2018). Is mindful parenting associated with adolescents’ emotional eating? The mediating role of adolescents’ self-compassion and body shame. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grenon, R., Tasca, G. A., Maxwell, H., Balfour, L., Proulx, G., & Bissada, H. (2016). Parental bonds and body dissatisfaction in a clinical sample: the mediating roles of attachment anxiety and media internalization. Body Image, 19, 49–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, S., Hay, P., Mitchison, D., Mond, J. M., McLean, S. A., Rodgers, B., & Paxton, S. J. (2016). Sex differences in the relationships between body dissatisfaction, quality of life and psychological distress. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 40, 518–522.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grolnick, W. (2009). The role of parents in facilitating autonomous self-regulation for education. Theory and Research in Education, 7, 164–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gugliandolo, M. C., Costa, S., Cuzzocrea, F., & Larcan, R. (2015). Trait emotional intelligence as mediator between psychological control and behaviour problems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 2290–2300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gugliandolo, M. C., Costa, S., Cuzzocrea, F., Larcan, R., & Petrides, K. V. (2015). Trait emotional intelligence and behavioral problems among adolescents: a cross-informant design. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 16–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gugliandolo, M. C., Mavroveli, S., Costa, S., Cuzzocrea, F., & Larcan, R. (2019). The relative contribution of parenting practices in predicting trait emotional intelligence in an Italian adolescent sample. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 37, 585–599.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: International version. New Jersey, Pearson.

  • Helfert, S., & Warschburger, P. (2011). A prospective study on the impact of peer and parental pressure on body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls and boys. Body Image, 8, 101–109.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holsen, I., Jones, D. C., & Birkeland, M. S. (2012). Body image satisfaction among Norwegian adolescents and young adults: a longitudinal study of the influence of interpersonal relationships and BMI. Body Image, 9, 201–208.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C. Y., Shen, A. C. T., Hsieh, Y. P., Feng, J. Y., Wei, H. S., Hwa, H. L., & Feng, J. Y. (2017). Cultural perspective on parenting, trait emotional intelligence and mental health in Taiwanese children. International Journal of Emotional Education, 9(2), 4–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imperatori, C., Innamorati, M., Lamis, D. A., Farina, B., Fabbricatore, M., & Contardi, A. (2018). Body uneasiness is associated with food addiction symptoms: A cross-sectional study. European Eating Disorders Review, 26(6), 638–644.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kluck, A. S. (2010). Family influence on disordered eating: the role of body image dissatisfaction. Body Image, 7, 8–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kocayörük, E., Altıntas, E., & İçbay, M. A. (2015). The perceived parental support, autonomous-self and well-being of adolescents: a cluster-analysis approach. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 1819–1828.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le, L. K. D., Barendregt, J. J., Hay, P., & Mihalopoulos, C. (2017). Prevention of eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 53, 46–58.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mancini, G., Andrei, F., Mazzoni, E., Biolcati, R., Baldaro, B., & Trombini, E. (2017). Brief report: trait emotional intelligence, peer nominations, and scholastic achievement in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 59, 129–133.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marano, G., Cuzzolaro, M., Vetrone, G., Garfinkel, P. E., Temperilli, F., & Spera, G., QUOVADIS Study Group. (2007). Validating the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT) in obese patients. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 12, 70–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markey, C. N. (2010). Invited commentary: why body image is important to adolescent development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1387–1391.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marzola, E., Cuzzolaro, M., & Abbate-Daga, G. (2018). Body image: methods of assessment in children, adolescents, and adults. In Body image, eating, and weight (pp. 39–55). Cham: Springer.

  • Mavroveli, S., Petrides, K. V., Rieffe, C., & Bakker, F. (2007). Trait emotional intelligence, psychological well‐being and peer‐rated social competence in adolescence. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25, 263–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Micanti, F., Iasevoli, F., Cucciniello, C., Costabile, R., Loiarro, G., Pecoraro, G., & Galletta, D. (2017). The relationship between emotional regulation and eating behaviour: a multidimensional analysis of obesity psychopathology. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 22(1), 105–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, K., Rieger, E., & Byrne, D. (2018). Body image predictors of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Journal of adolescence, 69, 130–139.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, T. E., Damiano, S. R., Gregg, K., Wertheim, E. H., & Paxton, S. J. (2018). Psychological predictors of body image attitudes and concerns in young children. Body Image, 27, 10–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Niemiec, C. P., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2009). The path taken: consequences of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations in post-college life. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 291–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pastorelli, C., Lansford, J. E., Luengo Kanacri, B. P., Malone, P. S., Di Giunta, L., Bacchini, D., & Tapanya, S. (2016). Positive parenting and children’s prosocial behavior in eight countries. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57, 824–834.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pedhazur, E. J. (1997). Multiple regression in behavioral research. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pellerone, M., Ramaci, T., Granà, R., & Craparo, G. (2017). Identity development, parenting styles, body uneasiness, and disgust toward food. A perspective of integration and research. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14, 275–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrides, K. V. (2009). Technical manual for the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires (TEIQue). London: London Psychometric Laboratory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrides, K. V., Furnham, A., & Mavroveli, S. (2007). Trait emotional intelligence: moving forward in the field of EI. In G. Matthews, M. Zeidner, & R. Roberts (Eds), Emotional intelligence: knowns and unknowns (Series in affective science). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  • Petrides, K. V., Mikolajczak, M., Mavroveli, S., Sanchez-Ruiz, M. J., Furnham, A., & Pérez-González, J. C. (2016). Developments in trait emotional intelligence research. Emotion Review, 8, 335–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrides, K. V., Pita, R., & Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. British Journal of Psychology, 98, 273–289.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phares, V., Steinberg, A. R., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). Gender differences in peer and parental influences: Body image disturbance, self-worth, and psychological functioning in preadolescent children. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 421–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717–731.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pompili, M., Girardi, P., Innamorati, M., Tatarelli, G., Ruberto, A., Ferrari, V., & Tatarelli, R. (2007). Body uneasiness and suicide risk in a non-clinical sample of university students. Archives of Suicide Research, 11(2), 193–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, E., Wang-Hall, J., Bannister, J. A., Colera, E., & Lopez, F. G. (2018). Attachment security and social comparisons as predictors of Pinterest users’ body image concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 83, 221–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, R. R. (1994). An assessment of perceptions of parental autonomy, support, and control: child and parent correlates. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Rochester: University of Rochester.

  • Rodgers, R. F., Paxton, S. J., & McLean, S. A. (2014). A biopsychosocial model of body image concerns and disordered eating in early adolescent girls. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 814–823.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, J. C. (1998) Negative body image. In: E. A. Blechman, K. D. Brownell (Eds), Behavioral medicine and women. A comprehensive handbook (pp. 380–385). New York: The Guilford Press.

  • Sarrionandia, A., & Mikolajczak, M. (2020). A meta-analysis of the possible behavioural and biological variables linking trait emotional intelligence to health. Health Psychology Review, 14(2), 220–244.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M. B., & Brownell, K. D. (2004). Obesity and body image. Body Image, 1(1), 43–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe, H., Patalay, P., Choo, T. H., Wall, M., Mason, S. M., Goldschmidt, A. B., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2018). Bidirectional associations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms from adolescence through early adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 30, 1447–1458.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T., Dou, D., Zhu, X., & Chai, W. (2019). Positive youth development: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 10, 131.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shek, D. T., Zhu, X., & Ma, C. (2018). The influence of parental control and parent-child relational qualities on adolescent internet addiction: a 3-year longitudinal study in Hong Kong. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 642.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Sierens, E. (2009). How are parental psychological control and autonomy‐support related? A cluster‐analytic approach. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 187–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanghellini, G., Trisolini, F., Castellini, G., Ambrosini, A., Faravelli, C., & Ricca, V. (2015). Is feeling extraneous from one’s own body a core vulnerability feature in eating disorders? Psychopathology, 48, 18–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stice, E., & Shaw, H. E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: a synthesis of research findings. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 985–993.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Su, Y. L., & Reeve, J. (2011). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of intervention programs designed to support autonomy. Educational Psychology Review, 23, 159–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swami, V., Begum, S., & Petrides, K. V. (2010). Associations between trait emotional intelligence, actual–ideal weight discrepancy, and positive body image. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 485–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thogersen-Ntoumani, C., Ntoumanis, N., & Nikitaras, N. (2010). Unhealthy weight control behaviours in adolescent girls: a process model based on self-determination theory. Psychology and Health, 25, 535–550.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M. N., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tylka, T. L., & Subich, L. M. (2004). Examining a multidimensional model of eating disorder symptomatology among college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(3), 314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vansteenkiste, M., Zhou, M., Lens, W., & Soenens, B. (2005). Experiences ofautonomy and control among Chinese learners: vitalizing or immobilizing? Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 468–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasquez, A. C., Patall, E. A., Fong, C. J., Corrigan, A. S., & Pine, L. (2016). Parent autonomy support, academic achievement, and psychosocial functioning: a meta-analysis of research. Educational Psychology Review, 28, 605–644.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voelker, D. K., Reel, J. J., & Greenleaf, C. (2015). Weight status and body image perceptions in adolescents: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 6, 149–158.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wansink, B., Latimer, L. A., & Pope, L. (2017). “Don’t eat so much:” how parent comments relate to female weight satisfaction. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 22, 475–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanardo, V., Volpe, F., Giustardi, A., Canella, A., Straface, G., & Soldera, G. (2016). Body image in breastfeeding women with depressive symptoms: a prospective study. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 29, 836–840.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino and South Latium, Cassino, Italy

    Maria C. Gugliandolo

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy

    Sebastiano Costa

  3. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy

    Francesca Cuzzocrea

  4. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Rosalba Larcan & Gabriella Martino

Authors
  1. Maria C. Gugliandolo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sebastiano Costa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Francesca Cuzzocrea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rosalba Larcan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gabriella Martino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

M.C.G. assisted with generation of the initial draft of the paper, data analyses, study design and concept and paper editing, S.C. assisted with paper editing, interpretation of data, study design and concept, F.C. and R.L. assisted with data analysis, data interpretation, and paper editing, G.M. assisted with data interpretation, paper editing, and study supervision. All authors take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors contributed to and have approved the final paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria C. Gugliandolo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gugliandolo, M.C., Costa, S., Cuzzocrea, F. et al. Adolescents and Body Uneasiness: the Contribution of Supportive Parenting and Trait Emotional Intelligence. J Child Fam Stud 29, 2453–2462 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01779-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01779-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation