Abstract
Adolescents often take an inappropriate approach to eating to confront critical stress during puberty, which might, in turn, result in inefficient nutritional attitudes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on the dimensions of affective control in adolescent girls with dysfunctional eating attitudes. The population of this experimental study included 200 high school girls in the third educational zone of Isfahan, Iran, of whom 30 were selected by convenience sampling, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the MBSR intervention and were followed up 40 days after the end of the treatment. The data were collected by the Eating Attitude Test and Affective Control Scale and were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed the efficacy of MBSR on affective control in adolescent girls with dysfunctional eating attitudes. It might be concluded that MBSR can be effective in improving the mental health of adolescent girls with dysfunctional eating attitudes. In fact, mindfulness might influence an individual’s emotional and behavioral responses by altering the distorted thought processes that form the basis of the general aspects of well-being, especially mental health.
Highlights
-
MBSR intervention significantly influenced depressed mood control, anxiety control, and positive affect control.
-
Mindfulness might influence an individual’s emotional and behavioral responses by altering the distorted thought processes.
-
Mindfulness teaches adolescent girls to avoid confronting negative thoughts and emotions and see mental events from a positive viewpoint.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Annameier, S. K., Kelly, N. R., Courville, A. B., Tanofsky-Kraff, M., Yanovski, J. A., & Shomaker, L. B. (2018). Mindfulness and laboratory eating behavior in adolescent girls at risk for type 2 diabetes. Appetite, 125, 48–56.
Bakhshipour, B., & Ramezanzadeh, S. (2017). Investigating the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on depression, quality of life and anxiety in MS patients. Urmia Medical Journal, 27, 352–364.
Bamber, M. D., & Schneider, J. K. (2016). Mindfulness-based meditation to decrease stress and anxiety in college students: a narrative synthesis of the research. Educational Research Review, 18, 1–32.
Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. G. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: a preliminary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 366–373.
Bos, M. G., Diamantopoulou, S., Stockmann, L., Begeer, S., & Rieffe, C. (2018). Emotion control predicts internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in boys with and without an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48, 2727–2739.
Caskey, M., & Anfara, V. (2014). Developmental characteristics of young adolescents. Retrieved from http://www.amle.org/BrowsebyTopic/Research/ResDet/TabId/198/ArtMID/696/ArticleID/455/Developmental-Characteristics-of-Young-Adolescents.aspx.
Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 449–464.
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (2002). A developmental psychopathology perspective on adolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 6–20.
Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., Feldner, M. T., & Forsyth, J. P. (2010). Emotion regulation and the anxiety disorders: an integrative review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 68–82.
Corstorphine, E. (2006). Cognitive–emotional–behavioural therapy for the eating disorders: working with beliefs about emotions. European Eating Disorders Review, 14, 448–461.
Crane, R. (2017). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: distinctive features. New York: Routledge.
Daghi, A. (2013). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in reducing stress, anxiety, depression and dysfunctional attitudes in cardiac patients (Master’s thesis). Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch.
Dotti, A., & Lazzari, R. (1998). Validation and reliability of the Italian EAT-26. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 3, 188–194.
Fahrenkamp, A. J. (2018). Stress and eating in adolescents: from laboratory findings to a mindfulness pilot intervention (PhD Dissertation). USA: Kent State University.
Foroughmand, A. (2013). Investigating the relationship between eating disorder beliefs and depression in adolescent girls in Ahvaz. In Paper presented at Third National Consultation Conference. Ahvaz: Iran (Persian).
Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive reappraisal mediates the stress-reductive effects of mindfulness: an upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2, 59–67.
Garner, D. M., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1979). The Eating Attitudes Test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 9(2), 273–279.
Ghazanfari, N. (2014). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction in ineffective beliefs and pain severity, depression and anxiety in patients with chronic back pain (Master’s thesis). Tabriz: Tabriz University.
Ginsburg, S. M. (2007). An integrative group model treatment program for binge eating disorder (PhD Dissertation). USA: Alliant International University.
Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2010). Emotion regulation as a mechanism of change in acceptance-and mindfulness-based treatments. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance: illuminating the processes of change (pp. 107–133). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
Hazlett-Stevens, H. (2012). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for comorbid anxiety and depression: case report and clinical considerations. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 200(11), 999–1003.
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169.
Holder, M. K., & Blaustein, J. D. (2014). Puberty and adolescence as a time of vulnerability to stressors that alter neurobehavioral processes. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 35, 89–110.
Jenkins, P. E., Hoste, R. R., Meyer, C., & Blissett, J. M. (2011). Eating disorders and quality of life: a review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 113–121.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are. New York: Hyperion.
Kabat-Zinn, J., & Hanh, T. N. (2013). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: the Random House Publishing Group.
Kaviani, H., Javaheri, F., & Bahyaraei, H. (2006). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in reducing negative self-concept, ineffective approach, depression and anxiety: a 60-day follow-up. Advances in Cognitive Science, 7, 49–59.
Kristeller, J., Wolever, R. Q., & Sheets, V. (2014). Mindfulness-based eating awareness training (MB-EAT) for binge eating: a randomized clinical trial. Mindfulness, 5, 282–297.
Langer, E. (1989). Mindfulness. Reading, MA: Perseus Books.
Lotfabadi, H. (2001). Applied developmental psychology for adolescence and youth. Tehran: National Youth Organization Publisher.
Mashalpour, M., Naderi, F., Heydari, A., & Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, M. (2015). Relationship between social anxiety, body image perception, perfectionism and depression with eating disorders in young people. Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 35–49.
Masuda, A., Price, M., & Latzman, R. D. (2012). Mindfulness moderates the relationship between disordered eating cognitions and disordered eating behaviors in a non-clinical college sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 107–115.
Merkes, M. (2010). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for people with chronic diseases. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 16, 200–210.
Molazadeh Esfanjani, R., Kafi, S. M., & Yeganeh, T. (2012). Relationship between mental health and eating disorders among female university students in Gilan University. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 16(4), 54–60.
Naderi, Y., Parhoon, H., Noori, R., Mohammadkhani, S. H., & Taghizadeh, M. (2016). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression symptoms and emotional schemes in women with major depressive disorders. Monthly Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 19, 181–190.
Niazi, A. K., & Niazi, S. K. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction: a non-pharmacological approach for chronic illnesses. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 3, 20–23.
Nunes, M. A., Camey, S., Olinto, M. T. A., & Mari, J. D. J. (2005). The validity and 4-year test-retest reliability of the Brazilian version of the Eating Attitudes Test-26. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 38, 1655–1662.
Philips, K. A. (1996). Body dysmorphic disorder: diagnosis and treatment of imaging ugliness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57, 61–65.
Pivarunas, B., Kelly, N. R., Pickworth, C. K., Cassidy, O., Radin, R. M., Shank, L. M., & Yanovski, J. A. (2015). Mindfulness and eating behavior in adolescent girls at risk for type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48, 563–569.
Potek, R. (2012). Mindfulness as a school-based prevention program and its effect on adolescent stress, anxiety and emotional regulation (PhD dissertation). USA: New York University.
Robins, C. J., Keng, S. L., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G. (2012). Effects of mindfulness‐based stress reduction on emotional experience and expression: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68, 117–131.
Siegel, R. D. (2009). The mindfulness solution: everyday practices for everyday problems. New York: Guilford Press.
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S., Curtis, W. J., Wahler, R. G., Sabaawi, M., & McAleavey, K. (2006). Mindful staff increase learning and reduce aggression in adults with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 27, 545–558.
Song, Y., & Lindquist, R. (2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindfulness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 35, 86–90.
Toneatto, T., & Nguyen, L. (2007). Does mindfulness meditation improve anxiety and mood symptoms? A review of the controlled research. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 260–266.
Tull, M. T., Schulzinger, D., Schmidt, N. B., Zvolensky, M. J., & Lejuez, C. W. (2007). Development and initial examination of a brief intervention for heightened anxiety sensitivity among heroin users. Behavior Modification, 31, 220–242.
Valla, M., Razmandeh, R., Rambod, K., Nasli Esfahani, A., & Ghodsi Ghasemabadi, R. (2016). Mindfulness-based stress reduction group training on depression, anxiety, stress, self-confidence and Hemoglobin A1c in young women with Type 2. Diabetes. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17, 382–390.
Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012). Dealing with feeling: a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 775–808.
Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 374–385.
Williams, K. E., & Chambless D. L. (1992). Affective Control Scale. http://www.psych.upenn.edu/~dchamb/questionnaires/ACS.pdf. Accessed 10 Mar 2009.
Williams, K. E., Chambless, D. L., & Ahrens, A. H. (1997). Are emotion frightening? An extension of the fear concept. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 239–245.
Young, L. A., & Baime, M. J. (2010). Mindfulness-based stress reduction: effect on emotional distress in older adults. Complementary Health Practice Review, 15, 59–64.
Author Contributions
P.K.: designed and executed the study and edited the final paper and Z.R.: collaborated with the design and writing of the study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional (Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University) and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khoshkerdar, P., Raeisi, Z. The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Affective Control Dimensions in Adolescent Girls with Dysfunctional Eating Attitudes. J Child Fam Stud 29, 1992–1999 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01721-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01721-5