Abstract
The current study examined maternal experience of guilt as a potential moderator of the association between mothers’ need frustration and their engagement in controlling parenting practices. Studies anchored in self-determination theory (SDT) suggested that parental need frustration may be considered as an antecedent of controlling parenting. Few studies, however, have attempted to unravel the specific social and psychological mechanisms that buffer the influence of parents’ psychological needs frustration on the use of controlling parenting. The current study integrated SDT parenting research with psychological theories on the destructive and constructive effects of guilt, to examine whether guilt could attenuate the strength of association between mothers’ need frustration and controlling parenting. Participants were 215 mothers of children aged 3–8 years, who completed self-report questionnaires on their need-based experiences, level of maternal guilt and parenting behavior. Maternal guilt was associated with more need frustration and controlling parenting. However, the level of guilt significantly moderated the association between need frustration and controlling parenting, so that the association was weaker for mothers with higher levels of guilt than for those with lower levels of guilt. Findings testify to the complex role of maternal guilt, both as an antecedent of controlling parenting and as a possible regulating mechanism that may reduce the potentially harmful effects of mothers’ need frustration on their parenting practices.
Highlights
-
This study examined maternal guilt from the self-determination theory perspective.
-
Mothers’ need frustration was positively associated with controlling parenting.
-
Maternal guilt is an antecedent of controlling parenting.
-
Guilt moderated the association between need frustration and controlling parenting.
-
The complex effects of maternal guilt on family life should be further explored.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data are attached as supplemental materials. Any further information about the study will be shared upon request.
References
Ahmad, I., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2013). The relations of Arab Jordanian adolescents’ perceived maternal parenting to teacher-rated adjustment and problems: the intervening role of perceived need satisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 49, 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027837.
Alnafea, T., & Curtis, D. D. (2017). Influence of mothers’ parenting styles on self-regulated academic learning among Saudi primary school students. Issues in Educational Research, 27, 399–416.
Armitage, S., Parkinson, M., Halligan, S., & Reynolds, S. (2020). Mothers’ experiences of having an adolescent child with depression: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01705-5.
Assor, A., Feinberg, O., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Kaplan, H. (2018). Reducing violence in non-controlling ways: a change program based on self determination theory. The Journal of Experimental Education, 86, 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2016.1277336.
Barber, B. K., & Xia, M. (2013). The centrality of control to parenting and its effects. In R. E. Larzelere, A. S. Morris & A. W. Harrist (Eds.), Authoritative parenting: synthesizing nurturance and discipline for optimal child development (pp. 61–87). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13948-004
Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Psychological need thwarting in the sport context: assessing the darker side of athletic experience. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.1.75.
Bierbrauer, G. (1992). Reactions to violation of normative standards: a cross-cultural analysis of shame and guilt. International Journal of Psychology, 27, 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020759920824687.
Borelli, J. L., Nelson-Coffey, S. K., River, L. M., Birken, S. A., & Moss- Racussin, C. (2017). Bringing work home: gender and parenting correlates of work-family guilt among parents of toddlers. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 26, 1734–1745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0693-9.
Bosch, E., Ferrer, V. A., & Gili, M. (1996). Aspectos diferenciales en el uso del tiempo entre las mujeres que trabajan fuera de casa y las amas de casa [Differential aspects in the use of time between housewives and women that work outside the home]. Psicothema, 8, 527–531. http://www.psicothema.com/pdf/50.pdf.
Brenning, K., & Soenens, B. (2017). A self-determination theory perspective on postpartum depressive symptoms and early parenting behaviors. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73, 1729–1743. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22480.
Brenning, K., Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2015). What’s your motivation to be pregnant? Relations between motives for parenthood and women’s prenatal functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 755–765. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000110.
Brenning, K., Soenens, B., Mabbe, E., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2018). Ups and downs in the joy of motherhood: maternal well-being as a function of psychological needs, personality, and infant temperament. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 229–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9936-0.
Broomhead, K. E. (2013). Blame, guilt and the need for ‘labels’; insights from parents of children with special educational needs and educational practitioners. British Journal of Special Education, 40, 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12012.
Campbell, R., Boone, L., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2018). Psychological need frustration as a transdiagnostic process in associations of self-critical perfectionism with depressive symptoms and eating pathology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74, 1775–1790. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.2018.74.issue-10.
Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Duriez, B., & Verstuyf, J. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 216–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-014-9450-1.
Cho, E., & Allen, T. (2012). Relationship between work interference with family and parent–child interactive behavior: Can guilt help? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 276–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.12.002.
Cohen, J. (1992). Quantitative methods in psychology: a power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159.
Costa, S., Gugliandolo, M. C., Barberis, N., Cuzzocrea, F., & Liga, F. (2018). Antecedents and consequences of parental psychological control and autonomy support: the role of psychological basic needs. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36, 1168–1189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518756778.
Costa, S., Soenens, B., Gugliandolo, M. C., Cuzzocrea, F., & Larcan, R. (2015). The mediating role of experiences of need satisfaction in associations between parental psychological control and internalizing problems: a study among Italian college students. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 1106–1116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9919-2.
Dallos, R., & Draper, R. (2010). An introduction to family therapy: systemic theory and practice. 3rd ed. Berkshire, England: Open University Press.
de Haan, A. D., Soenens, B., Deković, M., & Prinzie, P. (2013). Effects of childhood aggression on parenting during adolescence: the role of parental psychological need satisfaction. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42(3), 393–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.769171.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268.
Dempsey, H. L. (2017). A comparison of the social-adaptive perspective and functionalist perspective on guilt and shame. Behavioral Sciences, 7, 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7040083.
Dieleman, L. M., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Prinzie, P., Laporte, N., & De Pauw, S. S. W. (2019). Daily sources of autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting in mothers of children with ASD: the role of child behavior and mothers’ psychological needs. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49, 509–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3726-3.
Dunford, E., & Granger, C. J. (2017). Maternal guilt and shame: relationship to postnatal depression and attitudes towards help-seeking. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 1692–1701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0690-z.
Elliot, S., Powell, R., & Brenton, J. (2015). Being a good mom: low-income, black single mothers negotiate intensive mothering. Journal of Family Issues, 36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13490279
Farrell, G. (2015). The relationship between parenting style and the level of emotional intelligence in preschool-aged children. PCOM Psychology Dissertations. Paper 341. https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/psychology_dissertations/341.
Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., & Diego, M. (2006). Intrusive and withdrawn depressed mothers and their infants. Developmental Review, 26, 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2005.04.001.
Golden, D., Erdeich, L., & Roberman, S. (2018). Mothering, education and culture. Russian, Palestinian and Jewish middle-class mothers in Israeli society. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Greene, N. R., Jewell, D. E., Fuentes, J. D., & Smith, C. V. (2019). Basic need satisfaction in the parental relationship offsets millennials’ worries about the transition to college. Journal of Social Psychology, 159, 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2019.1570905.
Grolnick, W. S. (2003). The psychology of parental control: how well-meant parenting backfires. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Publishers.
Grolnick, W. S., & Apostoleris, N. H. (2002). What makes parents controlling? In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 161–182). Rochester: University of Rochester Press.
Grolnick, W. S., Frodi, A., & Bridges, L. (1984). Maternal Control style and the mastery motivation of one-year-olds. Infant Mental Health Journal, 5, 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(198422)5:2<72.
Grolnick, W. S., Gurland, S. T., DeCourcey, W., & Jacob, K. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of mothers’ autonomy support: an experimental investigation. Developmental Psychology, 38, 143–155.
Grolnick, W. S., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2009). Issues and challenges in studying parental control: toward a new conceptualization. Child Development Perspectives, 3, 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00099.x.
Grolnick, W. S., Weiss, L., McKenzie, L., & Wrightman, J. (1996). Contextual, cognitive, and adolescent factors associated with parenting in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25, 33–54.
Guendouzi, J. (2006). “The guilt thing”: balancing domestic and professional roles. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 901–909. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00303.
Gurland, S. T., & Grolnick, W. S. (2005). Perceived threat, controlling parenting, and children’s achievement orientations. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-005-7956-2.
Haerens, L., Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., & Van Petegem, S. (2015). Do perceived autonomy-supportive and controlling teaching relate to physical education students’ motivational experiences through unique pathways? distinguishing between the bright and dark side of motivation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.013.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Hays, S. (1996). The cultural contradictions of motherhood. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Henderson, A., Harmon, S., & Newman, H. (2016). The price mothers pay, even when they are not buying it: mental health consequences of idealized motherhood. Sex Roles, 74, 512–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0534-5.
Hubert, S., & Aujoulat, I. (2018). Parental burnout: when exhausted mothers open up. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01021.
Hurst, M., Dittmar, H., Banerjee, R., & Bond, R. (2017). “I just feel so guilty”: The role of introjected regulation in linking appearance goals for exercise with women’s body image. Body Image, 20, 120–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.12.002.
Jones, W. H., Schratter, A. K., & Kugler, K. (2000). The guilt inventory. Psychology Reports, 87, 1039–1042. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.87.7.1039-1042.
Joussemet, M., Landry, R., & Koestner, R. (2008). A self-determination theory perspective on parenting. Canadian Psychology, 49, 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012754.
Joussemet, M., Mageau, G. A., & Koestner, R. (2014). Promoting optimal parenting and children’s mental health: a preliminary evaluation of the how-to parenting program. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 949–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9751-0.
Katz, I., Lemish, D., Cohen, R., & Arden, A. (2019). When parents are inconsistent: parenting style and adolescents’ involvement in cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescence, 74, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.04.006.
Kendall-Tackett, K. E. (2016). Infant temperament. In K. E. Kendall-Tackett (Ed.), Depression in new mothers. Causes, consequences and treatment alternatives (pp. 127–132). New York: Routledge.
Kopala-Sibley, D. C., Cyr, M., Finsaas, M. C., Orawe, J., Huang, A., Tottenham, N., & Klein, D. N. (2018). Early childhood parenting predicts late childhood brain functional connectivity during emotion perception and reward processing. Child Development, 16, 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13126.
Kuhn, J. C., & Carter, A. S. (2006). Maternal self-efficacy and associated parenting cognitions among mothers of children with autism. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76, 564–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.564.
Landry, R., Whipple, N., Mageau, G., Joussemet, M., Koestner, R., DiDio, L., & Haga, S. M. (2008). How to support toddlers’ autonomy: a qualitative study with child care educators. Motivation and Emotion, 332, 173–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-008-9092-2.
Laurin, J. C., & Jousssemet, M. (2017). Parental autonomy-supportive practices and toddlers’ rule internalization: a prospective observational study. Motivation and Emotion, 41, 562–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-017-9627-5.
Laurin, J. C., Jousssemet, M., Tremblay, R., & Boivin, M. (2015). Early forms of controlling parenting and the development of childhood anxiety. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 24, 3279–3292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0131-9.
LeCuyer, E. A., & Swanson, D. P. (2016). A within-group analysis of African American mothers’ authoritarian attitudes, limit-setting and children’s self-regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 833–842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0609-0.
Liu, W. C., Chee Keng, Wang, j & Ryan, R. M. (Eds.) (2016). Building autonomous learners: perspectives from research and practice using self-determination theory. Singapore: Springer.
Liss, M., Schiffrin, H. H., & Rizzo, K. M. (2013). Maternal guilt and shame: the role of self-discrepancy and fear of negative evaluation. Child and Family Studies, 22, 1112–1119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9673-2.
Mabbe, E., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., van der Kaap Deeder, J., & Mouratidis, A. (2018a). Day-to-day variation in autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting: the role of parents’ daily experiences of need satisfaction and need frustration. Parenting, 18, 86–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2018.1444131.
Mabbe, E., Vansteenkiste, M., van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Dieleman, L., Mouratidis, A., & Soenens, B. (2018b). The role of child personality in effects of controlling parenting: an examination at the level of daily fluctuations. European Journal of Personality, 32, 459–479. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2156.
Mageau, G. A., Bureau, J. S., Ranger, F., Allen., M.-P., & Soenens, B. (2016). The role of parental achievement goals in predicting autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 1702–1711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0341-1.
Mageau, G. A., Lessard, J., Carpentier, J., Robichaud, J.-M., Jousseme, M., & Koestner, R. (2018). Effectiveness and acceptability beliefs regarding logical consequences and mild punishments. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 54, 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2017.11.001.
Mageau, G. A., Ranger, F., Joussemet, M., Koestner, R., Moreau, E., & Forest, J. (2015). Validation of the Perceived Parental Autonomy Support Scale (P-PASS). Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 47, 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039325.
Mageau, G. A., Sherman, A., Grusec, J. E., Koestner, R., & Bureau, J. S. (2017). Different ways of knowing a child and their relations to mother-reported autonomy support. Social Development, 26, 630–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12212.
Marschall, D. E., Sanftner, J. L., & Tangney, J. P. (1994). The state shame and guilt scale (SSGS). Fairfax, VA: George Mason University.
Martínez, P., Carrasco, M. J., Aza, G., Blanco, A., & Espinar, I. (2011). Family gender role and guilt in Spanish dual-earner families. Sex Roles, 65, 813–826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199011-0031-4.
Matosic, D., Ntoumanis, N., & Quested, E. (2016). Antecedents of need supportive and controlling interpersonal styles from a self-determination theory perspective: a review and implications for sport psychology research. In M. Raab, P. Wylleman, R. Seiler, A.-M. Elbe & A. Hatzigeorgiadis (Eds.), Sport and exercise psychology research: from theory to practice (pp. 145–180). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
Meeussen, L., & Van Laar, C. (2018). Feeling pressure to be a perfect mother relates to parental burnout and career ambitions. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02113.
Newman, M. (2017). The relationship between parenting style and self-regulation in early childhood. Honors theses and Capstone projects. 14. https://scholar.dominican.edu/honors-theses/14
Ninivaggi, F. J. (2013). Parenting practices. In F. J. Ninivaggi (Ed.), Biomental child development (pp. 355–380). New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Nomaguchi, K. M., Milkie, M. A., & Bianchi, S. M. (2005). Time strains and psychological well-being do dual-earner mothers and fathers differ? Journal of Family Issues, 26, 756–792. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X05277524.
Parker, R. (2009). Why study the maternal? Studies in the Maternal. https://www.mamsie.bbk.ac.uk/
Piotrowski, J. T., Lapierre, M. A., & Linebarger, D. L. (2013). Investigating correlates of self regulation in early childhood with a representative sample of English-speaking American families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9595-z.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 717–731.
Preis, H., Lobel, M., & Benyamini, Y. (2018). Between expectancy and experience: testing a model of childbirth satisfaction. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684318779537
Richins, M. K., & Chaplin, L. N. (2015). Material parenting: How the use of goods in parenting fosters materialism in the next generation. Journal of Consumer Research, 41, 1333–1357. https://doi.org/10.1086/680087.
Robichaud, J.-M., Bureau, F., Ranger, F., & Mageau, G. A. (2019). The relation between children’s task-specific competence and mothers’ controlling practices. Social Development, 28, 120–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12331.
Rotkirch, A. (2009). Maternal guilt. Evolutionary Psychology, 8, 90–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491000800108.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.
Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2016). Autonomy and autonomy disturbances in self-development and psychopathology: research on motivation, attachment, and clinical process. Developmental Psychopathology: Theory and Method, 1, 795–849. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy109.
Sadler, G. R., Lee, H. C., Seung-Hwan Lim, R., & Fullerton, J. (2010). Recruiting hard-to-reach United States population sub-groups via adaptations of snowball sampling strategy. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12, 369–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00541.x.
Schüler, J., Sheldon, K., & Fröhlich, S. M. (2010). Implicit need for achievement moderates the relationship between competence need satisfaction and subsequent motivation. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.09.002.
Sheldon, K. M., & Schüler, J. (2011). Needing, wanting, and having: integrating motive disposition theory and self-determination theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 1106–1123. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024952.
Slobodin, O. (2018). Between the eye and the gaze: Maternal shame in the novel “We need to talk about Kevin”. Feminism & Psychology, 29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353518783785
Soenens, B., Deci, E. L., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2017). How parents contribute to children’s psychological health: The critical role of psychological need support. In L. Wehmeyer, T. D. Little, S. J. Lopez, K. A. Shogren & R. Ryan (Eds), Development of self-determination through the life-course (pp. 171–187). New York: Springer.
Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyten, P., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2008). Maladaptive perfectionism as an intervening variable between psychological control and adolescent depressive symptoms: a three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 465–474. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.3.465.
Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Antecedents and outcomes of self-determination in three life domains: the role of parents’ and teachers’ autonomy support. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-8948-y.
Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control: proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory. Developmental Review, 30, 74–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2009.11.001.
Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2006). In search of the sources of controlling parenting: the role of parental separation anxiety and parental maladaptive perfectionism. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 539–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00507.x.
Sorkkila, M., & Aunola, K. (2019). Risk factors for parental burnout among Finnish parents: The role of socially prescribed perfectionism. Journal of Child & Family Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01607-1.
Sutherland, J.-A. (2010). Mothering, guilt and shame. Sociology Compass, 4, 310–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00283.x.
Sveen, J., & Willebrand, M. (2018). Feelings of guilt and em-bitterment in parents of children with burns and its associations with depression. Burns, 44, 1135–1140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.02.005.
Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Hafez, L. (2011). Shame, guilt and remorse: Implications for offender populations. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 22, 706–723. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2011.617541.
Tilghman-Osborne, C., Cole, D. A., & Felton, J. W. (2010). Definition and measurement of guilt: Implications for clinical research and practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 536–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.007.
Tummala-Narra, P. (2009). Contemporary impingements on mothering. The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 69, 4–21. https://doi.org/10.1057/ajp.2008.37.
van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Soenens, B., Mabbe, E., Dieleman, L., Mouratidis, A., Campbell, R., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2019). From daily need experiences to autonomy-supportive and controlling parenting via psychological availability and stress. Parenting, 19, 177–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1615791.
van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., Loeys, T., Mabbe, E., & Gargurevich, R. (2015). From autonomy-supportive parenting to autonomy-supportive sibling interactions: the role of psychological need satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 1590–1604. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215602225.
van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Soenens, B., & Mabbe, E. (2017). Children’s daily well-being: The role of mothers’, teachers’, and siblings’ autonomy support and psychological control. Developmental Psychology, 53, 237–251. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000218.
van Hooff, M. L. M., & De Pater, I. E. (2019). Daily associations between basic psychological need satisfaction and well‐being at work: the moderating role of need strength. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 92, 1027–1035. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12260.
Vansteenkiste, M., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). On psychological growth and vulnerability: basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23, 263–280. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032359.
Verstuyf, J., Patrick, H., Vansteenkiste, M., & Teixeira, P. J. (2012). Motivational dynamics of eating regulation: A self-determination theory perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-21.
Wang, J., Shi, X., Yang, Y., Zou, H., Zhang, W., & Xu, Q. (2019). The joint effect of paternal and maternal parenting behaviors on school engagement among Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of mastery goal. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1587. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.0158.
Wei, C., & Kendall, P. C. (2014). Child perceived parenting behavior: childhood anxiety and related symptoms. Child & Family Behvior Therapy, 36, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317107.2014.878175.
Weinstein, N., Przybylski, A. K., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). The index of autonomous functioning: development of a scale of human autonomy. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 397–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.03.007.
Wörtler, B., Van Yperen, N. W., & Barelds, D. P. H. (2019). Do individual differences in need strength moderate the relations between basic psychological need satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior? Motivation & Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09775-9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
O.S. designed the study, conducted data analyses and wrote the paper. A.A. collaborated with the design and execution of the study and edited the final manuscript. R.C. collaborated with the design and execution of the study, conducted data analyses and edited the final manuscript. I.K. designed the study, conducted data analyses and collaborated with writing the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
The study protocol was approved by the ethics committees of the Ben-Gurion University.
Informed Consent
Prior to participation, all subjects were informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, data storage and security. They gave written informed consent before participating.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Slobodin, O., Cohen, R., Arden, A. et al. Mothers’ Need Frustration and Controlling Parenting: The Moderating Role of Maternal Guilt. J Child Fam Stud 29, 1914–1926 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01720-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01720-6