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The Relationship between Family Climate and Identity Development Processes: The Moderating Role of Developmental Stages and Outcomes

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family climate and identity development, and the moderating role of the development stage and (in)adaptive outcomes in that relationship.

Methods

A cross-sectional quantitative study was developed with 387 participants (65.4% female; 162 adolescents aged between 15–19 years and 225 emerging adults aged between 20–25 years). Data was collected using self-reported measures: Sociodemographic questionnaire, Dimensions of Identity Development Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and Family Climate Inventory.

Results

The results of structural equation modeling showed moderating effects of developmental stage (Δχ2 (38) = 93.47, p = 0.009) and outcomes (Δχ2 (38) = 63.50, p = 0.006) in the relationship between family climate and identity development, suggesting that family cohesion predicted identity outcomes differently for adolescents and emerging adults, as well as for participants with adaptive and non-adaptive developmental trajectories. Also, family conflict predicted identity formation outcomes differently in function of developmental outcomes.

Conclusions

As high levels of family conflict and cohesion are associated to higher levels of exploration in depth, future studies should focus on enmeshed family interactional patterns and its outcomes on children across development. Our data highlights the role of family climate on the identity development in adolescence and emerging adulthood and the importance of analyzing family risk and protection factors as conditions for individual developmental outcomes.

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Author Contributions

A.P.: designed and executed the study, assisted with the data analyses, wrote the paper and edited the final manuscript. P.T.: executed the study, assisted with the data analyses and wrote the paper. E.M.: collaborated with the design, assisted with the data analyses, wrote the study and edited the final manuscript. C.S.S.: analyzed the data and wrote the results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

    Ana Prioste & Carla Sofia Silva

  2. Escola de Psicologia e Ciências da Vida, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal

    Ana Prioste & Petra Tavares

  3. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE–IUL), CIS–IUL, Lisboa, Portugal

    Carla Sofia Silva & Eunice Magalhães

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  1. Ana Prioste
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Correspondence to Ana Prioste.

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All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The research project was approved by the Ethics and Deontology Committee on Scientific Research (CEDIC) of the Escola de Psicologia e Ciências da Vida—Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Prioste, A., Tavares, P., Silva, C.S. et al. The Relationship between Family Climate and Identity Development Processes: The Moderating Role of Developmental Stages and Outcomes. J Child Fam Stud 29, 1525–1536 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01600-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01600-8

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