Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A Qualitative Exploration of Rural African American Youth Perceptions about the Effect of Dating Violence on Sexual Health

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Adolescent dating violence (ADV) remains a significant concern, particularly among rural African Americans. Few studies have explored adolescents’ perceptions about the link between ADV and sexual health and none have targeted this population. Employing qualitative methods based in Community-Based Participatory Research and theory, this study explored rural African American adolescents’ knowledge, perceptions and beliefs about the impact of ADV on sexual health. Secondary data analysis of 20 semi-structured individual interviews, conducted with older adolescents (aged 18–21), revealed participants understood the link between ADV and sexual health consequences, specifically as it related to STI and HIV prevention, condom use, and refusal of sex; and the negative impact refusing sex, communicating about HIV and other STI prevention, and negotiating condom use can have on ADV. This included: (a) negative relationship outcomes, including ADV and fear; and (b) factors that impact one’s ability to refuse sex, communicate about HIV and STI prevention, and negotiate condom use. Findings underscore the need for comprehensive ADV prevention programs for rural African Americans.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ackard, D. M., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & Hannan, P. (2003). Dating violence among a nationally representative sample of adolescent girls and boys: Associations with behavioral and mental health. Journal of Gender Specific Medicine, 6(3), 39–48.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adelman, M., & Kil, S. H. (2007). Dating conflicts: Rethinking dating violence and youth conflict. Violence Against Women, 13(12), 1296–1318.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. L. (1991). Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Leisure Sciences, 13(3), 185–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (Print), 22(5), 453–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arriaga, X. B., & Foshee, V. A. (2004). Adolescent dating violence: Do adolescents follow in their friends’, or their parents’, footsteps? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(2), 162–184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banister, E. M., Jakubec, S. L., & Stein, J. A. (2003). “Like, what am I supposed to do?”: Adolescent girls’ health concerns in their dating relationships. The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(2), 16–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beadnell, B., Baker, S. A., Morrison, D. M., & Knox, K. (2000). HIV/STD risk factors for women with violent male partners. Sex Roles, 42, 661–689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Billingham, R. E., & Notebaert, N. L. (1993). Divorce and dating violence revisited: Multivariate analyses using Straus’s conflict tactics subscores. Psychological Reports, 73(2), 679–684.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Black, B. M., & Weisz, A. N. (2004). Dating violence: A qualitative analysis of Mexican American youths’ views. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 13(3), 69–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borzekowski, D. L., & Rickert, V. I. (2001). Adolescent cybersurfing for health information: A new resource that crosses barriers. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 155(7), 813–817.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bosompra, K. (2001). Determinants of condom use intentions of university students in Ghana: An application of the theory of reasoned action. Social Science and Medicine, 52(7), 1057–1069.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cabral, R. J., Pulley, L. V., Artz, L. M., Brill, I., & Macaluso, M. (1998). Women at risk of HIV/STD: The importance of male partners as barriers to condom use. AIDS and Behavior, 2(1), 75–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J., Jones, A. S., Dienemann, J., Kub, J., Schollenberger, J., O’Campo, P., et al. (2002). Intimate partner violence and physical health consequences. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162(10), 1157–1163.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cascardi, M., & O’Leary, K. D. (1992). Depressive symptomatology, self-esteem, and self-blame in battered women. Journal of Family Violence, 7(4), 249–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2006). Physical dating violence among high school students–United States, 2003. Morbidity &Mortality Weekly Report, 55(19), 532–535.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2007). Intimate partner violence prevention scientific information, definitions. Retrieved 05/10, 2008, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/IPV/ipv-definitions.htm.

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2008a). Youth risk behavior surveillance -united states, 2007. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 57(SS-4), 1–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2008b). Understanding teen dating abuse. Retrieved 4/13, 2009, from http://www.cdc.gov.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/ViolencePrevention/pdf/DatingAbuseFactSheet-a.pdf.

  • Coker-Appiah, D. S., Akers, A., Banks, B., Albritton, T., Leniek, K., Wynn, M., et al. (2009). In their own voices: Rural African American youth speak out about community-based HIV prevention interventions. Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Action, Education, 3(4), 301–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlberg, L. L. (1998). Youth violence in the United States. Major trends, risk factors, and prevention approaches. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 259–272.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Decker, M. R., Silverman, J. G., & Raj, A. (2005). Dating violence and sexually transmitted disease/HIV testing and diagnosis among adolescent females. Pediatrics, 116(2), e272–e276.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Crosby, R. A., Sionean, C., Brown, L. K., Rothbaum, B., et al. (2001). A prospective study of psychological distress and sexual risk behavior among black adolescent females. Pediatrics, 108(5), E85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiClemente, R., Crosby, R., & Wingood, G. M. (2005). Community HIV prevention interventions: Theoretical and methodological considerations. In E. J. Trickett & W. Pequegnat (Eds.), Community interventions and AIDS. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Bassel, N., Fontdevila, J., Gilbert, L., Voisin, D., Richman, B. L., & Pitchell, P. (2001). HIV risks of men in methadone maintenance treatment programs who abuse their intimate partners: A forgotten issue. Journal of Substance Abuse, 13(1–2), 29–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foshee, V. A., Linder, G. F., Bauman, K. E., Langwick, S. A., Arriaga, X. B., Heath, J. L., et al. (1996). The safe dates project: Theoretical basis, evaluation design, and selected baseline findings. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 12(5 Suppl), 39–47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foshee, V. A., Benefield, T. S., Ennett, S. T., Bauman, K. E., & Suchindran, C. (2004). Longitudinal predictors of serious physical and sexual dating violence victimization during adolescence. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory, 39(5), 1007–1016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foshee, V. A., Ennett, S. T., Bauman, K. E., Benefield, T. S., & Suchindran, C. (2005). The association between family violence and adolescent dating violence onset: Does it vary by race, socioeconomic status, and family structure?. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(3), 317–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gidycz, C. A., Hanson, K., & Layman, M. J. (1995). A prospective analysis of the relationships among sexual assault experiences an extension of previous findings. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19(1), 5–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gidycz, C. A., Orchowski, L. M., King, C. R., & Rich, C. L. (2008). Sexual victimization and health-risk behaviors: A prospective analysis of college women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(6), 744–763.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glass, N., Fredland, N., Campbell, J., Yonas, M., Sharps, P., & Kub, J. (2003). Adolescent dating violence: Prevalence, risk factors, health outcomes, and implications for clinical practice. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 32(2), 227–238.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gover, A. R. (2004). Risky lifestyles and dating violence: A theoretical test of violent victimization. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(2), 171–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, J., & Thorogood, N. (2004). Qualitative methods for health research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, T. C., Oslak, S. G., Young, M. L., Martin, S. L., & Kupper, L. L. (2001). Partner violence among adolescents in opposite-sex romantic relationships: Findings from the national longitudinal study of adolescent health. American Journal of Public Health, 91(10), 1679–1686.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, D. E., & Wang, M. Q. (2003). Psychosocial factors associated with adolescent boys’ reports of dating violence. Adolescence, 38(151), 519–533.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, B. L., Flannery, D., Elkavich, A., & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2008). Common processes in evidence-based adolescent HIV prevention programs. AIDS Behavior, 12(3), 374–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Israel, B. A., Schulz, A., Parker, E., & Becker, A. (1998). Review of community-based research: Assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 19(1), 173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Parker, E. A., Becker, A. B., Allen, A., & Guzman, J. R. (2003). Critical issues in developing and following community-based participatory research principles. In M. Minkler & N. Wallerstien (Eds.), Community-based participatory research for health (pp. 56–73). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Israel, B. A., Eng, E., Schulz, A. J., & Parker, E. A. (Eds.). (2005a). Methods in community-based participatory research for health. San Francisco (CA): Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Israel, B., Eng, E., Schulz, A. J., & Parker, E. A. (2005b). Introduction to methods in community-based participatory research for health. In B. Israel, E. Eng, A. J. Schulz, & E. A. Parker (Eds.), Methods in community-based participatory research for health (pp. 3–26). San Francisco (CA): Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Israel, B. A., Parker, E. A., Rowe, Z., et al. (2005c). Community-based participatory research: Lessons learned from the Centers for children’s environmental health and disease prevention research. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(10), 1463–1471.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaestle, C. E., & Halpern, C. T. (2005). Sexual intercourse precedes partner violence in adolescent romantic relationships. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36(5), 386–392.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalichman, S. C., Williams, E. A., Cherry, C., Belcher, L., & Nachimson, D. (1998). Sexual coercion, domestic violence, and negotiating condom use among low-income African American women. Journal of Women’s Health, 7(3), 371–378.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, F. M., Glanz, K., & Rimer, B. K. (2002). Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (Third ed.) Jossey-Bass San Francisco.

  • Lewis, S. F., Travea, L., & Fremouw, W. J. (2002b). Characteristics of female perpetrators and victims of dating violence. Violence and Victims, 17(5), 593–606.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lichter, E. L., & McCloskey, L. A. (2004). The effects of childhood exposure to marital violence on adolescent gender-role beliefs and dating violence. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28(4), 344–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magdol, L., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Silva, P. A. (1998). Developmental antecedents of partner abuse: A prospective-longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(3), 375–389.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Makepeace, J. M. (1987). Social factor and victim-offender differences in courtship violence. Family Relations, 36(1), 87–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malik, S., Sorenson, S. B., & Aneshensel, C. S. (1997). Community and dating violence among adolescents: Perpetration and victimization. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 21(5), 291–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maman, S., Campbell, J., Sweat, M. D., & Gielen, A. C. (2000). The intersections of HIV and violence: Directions for future research and interventions. Social Science and Medicine, 50(4), 459–478.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maman, S., Mbwambo, J. K., Hogan, N. M., Kilonzo, G. P., Campbell, J. C., Weiss, E., et al. (2002). HIV-positive women report more lifetime partner violence: Findings from a voluntary counseling and testing clinic in dar es salaam, Tanzania. American Journal of Public Health, 92(8), 1331–1337.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Manganello, J. A. (2008). Teens, dating violence, and media use: A review of the literature and conceptual model for future research. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 9(1), 3–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margillo, G. A., & Imahori, T. T. (1998). Understanding safer sex negotiation in a group of low-income African-American women. In N. L. Roth & L. K. Fuller (Eds.), Women and AIDS: Negotiating safer practices, care, and representation (pp. 43–69). Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marquart, B. S., Nannini, D. K., Edwards, R. W., Stanley, L. R., & Wayman, J. C. (2007). Prevalence of dating violence and victimization: Regional and gender differences. Adolescence, 42(168), 645–657.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molidor, C., & Tolman, R. M. (1998). Gender and contextual factors in adolescent dating violence. Violence Against Women, 4(2), 180–194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morokoff, P. J., Quina, K., Harlow, L. L., Whitmire, L., Grimley, D. M., Gibson, P. R., et al. (1997). Sexual assertiveness scale (SAS) for women: Development and validation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(4), 790–804.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morse, J. M., & Field, P. A. (1995). Qualitative research methods for health professionals. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muhr, T. (2007). Atlas.ti-the knowledge workbench version 5.2.11. Berlin, Germany: Scientific Software Development GmbH.

  • NC Rural Economic Development Center, Inc. (n.d.). Rural/urban counties in North Carolina. Retrieved August 25, 2010, from http://www.ncruralcenter.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75&Itemid=155.

  • North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, Healthy Schools Initiative. (2008a). 2007 youth risk behavior survey results: North Carolina high school, summary table. Retrieved 10/26, 2008, from http://www.nchealthyschools.org/docs/data/yrbs/2007/highschool/statewide/tables.pdf.

  • North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, Healthy Schools Initiative. (2008b). 2007 youth risk behavior survey: North Carolina (region 1) high school survey, summary table. Retrieved 10/26, 2008, from http://www.nchealthyschools.org/docs/data/yrbs/2007/highschool/regional/eastern/tables.pdf.

  • North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, Healthy Schools Initiative. (2008c). 2007 youth risk behavior survey results: North Carolina (region 1) high school survey, trend analysis report. Retrieved 10/26, 2008, from http://www.nchealthyschools.org/docs/data/yrbs/2007/highschool/regional/eastern/trend.pdf.

  • Olimb, D., Brownlee, K., & Tranter, D. (2002). Adolescent dating violence in the rural context. Rural Social Work, 7(2), 16–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrino, T., Fernandez, M. I., Bowen, G. S., & Arheart, K. (2006). Main partner’s resistance to condoms and HIV protection among disadvantaged, minority women. Women and Health, 42(3), 37–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plichta, S. B. (2004). Intimate partner violence and physical health consequences: Policy and practice implications. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(11), 1296.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quigley, D. D., Jaycox, L. H., McCaffrey, D. F., & Marshall, G. N. (2006). Peer and family influences on adolescent anger expression and the acceptance of cross-gender aggression. Violence and Victims, 21(5), 597–610.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raiford, J. L. (2006). The effect of adolescent physical and sexual dating violence on the nutritional and psychological health of adolescent girls. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 67(4), 2239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raj, A., Santana, M. C., La Marche, A., Amaro, H., Cranston, K., & Silverman, J. G. (2006). Perpetration of intimate partner violence associated with sexual risk behaviors among young adult men. American Journal of Public Health, 96(10), 1873.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raj, A., Reed, E., Miller, E., Decker, M. R., Rothman, E. F., & Silverman, J. G. (2007). Contexts of condom use and non-condom use among young adolescent male perpetrators of dating violence. AIDS Care, 19(8), 970–973.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reuterman, N. A., & Burcky, W. D. (1989). Dating violence in high school: A profile of the victims. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 26(4), 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickert, V. I., Sanghvi, R., & Wiemann, C. M. (2002). Is lack of sexual assertiveness among adolescent and young adult women a cause for concern? Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 34(4), 178–183.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, J. G., Raj, A., Mucci, L. A., & Hathaway, J. E. (2001). Dating violence against adolescent girls and associated substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, and suicidality. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 286(5), 572–579.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, J. G., Raj, A., & Clements, K. (2004). Dating violence and associated sexual risk and pregnancy among adolescent girls in the United States. Pediatrics, 114(2), e220–e225.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. P., & Williams, J. G. (1992). From abusive household to dating violence. Journal of Family Violence, 7(2), 153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. H., White, J. W., & Holland, L. J. (2003). A longitudinal perspective on dating violence among adolescent and college-age women. American Journal of Public Health, 93(7), 1104–1109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, G. A., & Bryant, S. A. (2000). Dating violence: A comparison of rural, suburban, and urban teens. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(5), 302–305.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Symons, P. Y., Groër, M. W., Kepler-Youngblood, P., & Slater, V. (1994). Prevalence and predictors of adolescent dating violence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 7(3), 14–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tourigny, M., Lavoie, F., Vézina, J., & Pelletier, V. (2006). Incidence et facteurs associés à la violence subie dans les fréquentations amoureuses des adolescents [Violence in adolescents’ romantic relationships: Incidence and associated factors]. Revue de Psychoéducation, 35(2), 323–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Census Bureau. (2006). Edgecombe county QuickFacts from the US census bureau. Retrieved April 09, 2008, from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/37/37065.html.

  • Valleroy, L. A., MacKellar, D. A., Karon, J. M., Janssen, R. S., & Hayman, C. R. (1998). HIV infection in disadvantaged out-of-school youth: Prevalence for US job corps entrants, 1990 through 1996. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology: Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association, 19(1), 67–73.

  • Van Campenhoudt, L., Cohen, M., Guizzardi, G., & Hausser, D. (Eds.). (1997). Sexual interactions and HIV risk: New conceptual perspectives in European research. London: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wekerle, C., & Wolfe, D. A. (1999). Dating violence in mid-adolescence: Theory, significance, and emerging prevention initiatives. Clinical Psychology Review, 19(4), 435–456.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wingood, G. M., & DiClemente, R. J. (1997). The effects of an abusive primary partner on the condom use and sexual negotiation practices of African-America women. American Journal of Public Health, 87(6), 1016–1018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wingood, G. M., DiClemente, R. J., McCree, D. H., Harrington, K., & Davies, S. L. (2001). Dating violence and the sexual health of black adolescent females. Pediatrics, 107(5), E72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wingood, G. M., DiClemente, R. J., Harrington, K. F., Lang, D. L., Davies, S. L., Hook, E. W., I. I. I., et al. (2006). Efficacy of an HIV prevention program among female adolescents experiencing gender-based violence. American Journal of Public Health, 96(6), 1085–1090.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, E., Senn, C. Y., Desmarais, S., Park, L., & Verberg, N. (2002). Sources of information about dating and their perceived influence on adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17(4), 401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation awarded to Dionne Smith Coker-Appiah.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA

    Dionne Smith Coker-Appiah & Tiffany G. Townsend

  2. Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Tanya A. Montoya & Eugenia Eng

  3. Project Momentum, Inc., Rocky Mount, NC, USA

    Mysha R. Wynn

Authors
  1. Tanya A. Montoya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dionne Smith Coker-Appiah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Eugenia Eng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mysha R. Wynn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tiffany G. Townsend
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dionne Smith Coker-Appiah.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Montoya, T.A., Coker-Appiah, D.S., Eng, E. et al. A Qualitative Exploration of Rural African American Youth Perceptions about the Effect of Dating Violence on Sexual Health. J Child Fam Stud 22, 48–62 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9642-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9642-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation