Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Substance Use, Related Problem Behaviors and Adult Attachment in a Sample of High Risk Older Adolescent Women

  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We tested a hypothesis about the usefulness of attachment theory in aiding our understanding of substance use and related problem behaviors among a high-risk group of women. The data were from an ongoing longitudinal study of pregnant and parenting adolescents, and were collected via interview at 5.5 and 6 years postpartum (n = 232). At enrollment, the respondents were an average age of 16. Using regressing analysis (OLS and logistic), differences in attachment security were found to be related to substance use and related problem behaviors and attachment differences in behavior were found to be partially mediated by psychological distress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bachman, J., O’Malley, P., & Johnston, J. (1978). Youth in transition Volume VI: Adolescence to adulthood. Change and stability in the lives of young men. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardone, A. M., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Dickson, N., & Silva, P. A. (1996). Adult mental health and social outcomes of adolescent girls with depression and conduct disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 811–829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226–244.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, K., Clark, C., & Shaver, P. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. Simpson & S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (pp. 46–76). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks-Gunn, J., & Chase-Lansdale, P. (1995). Adolescent parenthood. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting. Volume 3: Status and social conditions of parenting (pp. 113–149). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cicchetti, D. (1999). A developmental psychopathology perspective on drug abuse. In M. Glantz & C. Hartel (Eds.), Drug abuse: Origins and interventions (pp. 97–117). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coley, L. R., & Chase-Lansdale, P. L. (1998). Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood: Recent evidence and future directions. American Psychologist, 53, 152–166.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, N. (1996). Working models of attachment: Implications for explanation, emotion, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 810–832.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, N., & Read, S. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644–663.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, M. L., Collins, N., & Shaver, P. (1998). Attachment styles, emotion regulation, and adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1380–1397.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crittenden, P. M. (1997). Patterns of attachment and sexual behavior: Risk of dysfunction versus opportunity for creative integration. In L. Atkinson & K. Zucker (Eds.), Attachment and psychopathology (pp. 47–93). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crittenden, P. M. (1999). Danger and development: The organization of self-protective strategies. Monograph of The Society for Research in Child Development, 64, 145–171.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darke, S. (1998). Self-report among injecting drug users: A review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 51, 253–263.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Derogatis, L. (1983). SCL-90-R administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. Towson, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, L., & Dunn, L. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised: Manual for Forms L and M. Circle Pines, Minnesota: American Guidance Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, D. S., & Morse, B. (1988). Delinquency and drug use as risk factors in teenage sexual activity and pregnancy. Unpublished manuscript, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado: Boulder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feeney, J. A. (2002). Attachment-related dynamics: What can we learn from self-reports of avoidance and anxiety? Attachment and Human Development, 4, 193–200.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraley, R. C., & Spieker, S. J. (2003). What are the differences between dimensional and categorical modles of individual differences in attachment? Developmental Psychology, 39, 387–404.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraley, R. C., & Waller, N. (1998). Adult attachment patterns: A test of the typological model. In J. Simpson & S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (pp. 77–114). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonagy, P., Target, M., Steele, M., Steele, H., Leigh, T., Levinson, A., & Kennedy, R. (1997). Morality, disruptive behavior, borderline personality disorder, crime, and their relationships to security of attachment. In L. Atkinson & K. Zucker (Eds.), Attachment and psychopathology (pp. 223–274). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilchrist, L. D., Gillmore, M. R., & Lohr, M. J. (1990). Drug Use among pregnant adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 402–407.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillmore, M. R., Butler, S. S., Lohr, M. J., & Gilchrist, L. (1991). Substance use and other factors associated with risky sexual behavior among pregnant adolescents. Family Planning Perspectives, 24, 255–261, 268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glantz, M. (1992). A developmental psychopathology model of drug abuse vulnerability. In M. Glantz & R. Pickens (Eds.), Vulnerability to drug abuse (pp. 389–418). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, M. (1966). Undetected delinquent behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 3, 27–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golder, S. (2003). Modeling substance use and associated risk behavior among higher risk young adult women. Manuscript submitted for publication.

  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511–524.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1994). Attachment as an organizational framework for research on close relationships. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, J. (1992). Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, D. (1997). Statistical methods for psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hser, Y. I., Maglione, M., & Boyle, K. (1999). Validity of self-report of drug use among std patients, er patients, and arrestees. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 25, 81–91.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., & Bachman, J. G. (1988). Illicit drug use, smoking and drinking by America’s high school students, college students, and young adults. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, D. (2003, July 5). Mediation: Issues and questions. Retrieved December 9, 2003, from http://users.rcn.com/dakenny/mediate.htm.

  • Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (1998). The relationship between adult attachment styles and emotional and cognitive reactions to stressful events. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 143–165). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller-Johnson, S., Winn, D. M., Coie, J., Maumary-Gremaud, A., Hyman, C., Terry, R., & Lochman, J. (1999). Motherhood during the teen years: A developmental perspective on risk factors for childbearing. Developmental Psychopathology, 11, 85–100.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mott, F. L., & Haurin, R. J. (1988). Linkages between sexual activity and alcohol and drug use among American adolescents. Family Planning Perspectives, 20, 128–136.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, M. D., & Bentler, P. M. (1988). Consequences of adolescent drug use: Impact on the lives of young adults. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osofsky, J. D., Hann, D. M., & Peebles, C. (1993). Adolescent parenthood: Risks and opportunities for mothers and infants. In C. H. Zeanah (Ed.), Handbook of infant mental health (pp. 106–119). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Research in Prevention Laboratory (2003, January 10). Mediation. Retrieved December 9, 2003, from http://www.public.asu.edu/∼davidpm/ripl/mediate.htm.

  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. New Jersey: Princeton University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouse, B., Kozel, N., & Richards, L. (1985). Self-report methods of estimating drug use: Meeting current challenges to validity (NIDA Research Monograph 57): National Institute of Drug Abuse.

  • Serbin, L. A., Peters, P. L., McAffer, V. J., & Schwartzman, A. E. (1991). Childhood aggression and withdrawal as predictors of adolescent pregnancy, early parenthood, and environmental risk for the next generation. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 23, 318–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaver, P., Collins, N., & Clark, C. (1996). Attachment styles and internal working models of self and relationship partners. In G. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 25–61). Mahwah, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2002). Attachment-related psychodynamics. Attachment and Human Development, 4, 133–161.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sperling, M., Foelsch, P., & Grace, C. (1996). Measuring adult attachment: Are self-report instruments congruent? Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 37–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, H., Jacobs, N., Ferguson, K., Allen, J., & Fonagy, P. (1998). What do adult attachment scales measure? Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 62, 33–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trinke, S., & Bartholomew, K. (1997). Hierarchies of attachment relationships in young adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14, 603–625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underwood, M. K., Kupersmidt, J. B., & Coie, J. D. (1996). Childhood peer sociometric status and aggression as predictors of adolescent childbearing. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 6, 201–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Schuengel, C., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (1999). Disorganized attachment in early childhood: Meta-analysis of precursors, concomitants, and sequelea. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 225–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 465–490.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woodwind, L. J., & Ferguson, D. M. (1999). Early conduct problems and later risk of teenage pregnancy in girls. Development and Psychopathology, 11, 127–142.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamguchi, K., & Kandel, D. (1987). Drug use and other determinants of premarital pregnancy and its outcomes: A dynamic analysis of competing life events. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 257–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zabin, L. S., Hardy, J. B., Smith, E., & Hirsch, M. B. (1986). Substance use and its relation to sexual activity among inner-city adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 7, 320–331.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seana Golder Ph.D..

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Golder, S., Gillmore, M.R., Spieker, S. et al. Substance Use, Related Problem Behaviors and Adult Attachment in a Sample of High Risk Older Adolescent Women. J Child Fam Stud 14, 181–193 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-005-5046-6

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-005-5046-6

Keywords

Navigation