Abstract
An annular ring compact microstrip antenna (ARCMA) constructed by loading a circular slot in the center of the circular patch antenna is a popular microstrip antenna due to its favorable properties. In this study, a method based artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been firstly applied for the computing the resonant frequency of ARCMAs. Multilayered perceptron model based on feed forward back propagation ANN has been utilized, and the constructed model have been separately trained with 8 different learning algorithms to achieve the best results regarding the resonant frequency of ARCMAs at dominant mode. To this end, the resonant frequencies of 80 ARCMAs with varied dimensions and electrical parameters in accordance with UHF band covering GSM, LTE, WLAN and WiMAX applications were simulated with a robust numerical electromagnetic computational tool, \(\hbox {IE3D}^\mathrm{TM}\), which is based on method of moment. Then, ANN model was constructed with the simulation data, by using 70 ARCMAs for training and the remaining 10 for test. As the performances of the 8 learning algorithms are compared with each other, the best result is obtained with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The proposed ANN model were confirmed by comparing with the suggestions reported elsewhere via measurement data published earlier in the literature, and they have further validated on an ARCMA fabricated in this study. The results achieved in this study show that ANN model learning with LM algorithm can be successfully used to compute the resonant frequency of ARCMAs without involving any sophisticated methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wong, K.: Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas. Wiley, New York (2002)
Kumar, G., Ray, K.P.: Broadband Microstrip Antennas. Artech House, Norwood (2003)
Deshmukh, A.A., Kumar, G.: Formulation of resonant frequency for compact rectangular microstrip antennas. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 49(2), 498–501 (2007)
Deshmukh, A.A., Phatak, N.V., Nagarbovdi, S., Ahuja, R.: Analysis of broadband E-shaped microstrip antennas. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 80(7), 0975–8887 (2013)
Akdagli, A., Toktas, A., Kayabasi, A., Develi, I.: An application of artificial neural network to compute the resonant frequency of E-shaped compact microstrip antennas. J. Electr. Eng-Elektrotech. Cas. 64(5), 317–322 (2013)
Kayabasi, A., Bicer, M.B., Akdagli, A., Toktas, A.: Computing resonant frequency of H-shaped compact microstrip antennas operating at UHF band by using artificial neural networks. J. Fac. Eng. Archit. Gazi Univ. 26, 833–840 (2011)
Chen, Z.N.: Radiation pattern of a probe fed L-shaped plate antenna. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 27, 410–413 (2000)
Chew, W.: A broad-band annular-ring microstrip antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag. 30(5), 918–922 (1982)
Dahele, J.S., Lee, K.F., Wong, D.: Dual-frequency stacked annular-ring microstrip antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 35, 1281–1285 (1987)
Bahl, I.J., Stuchly, S.S., Stuchly, M.A.: A new microstrip radiator for medical applications. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 28, 1464–1469 (1980)
Wolff, I., Knoppik, N.: Microstrip ring resonator and dispersion measurement on microstrip lines. Electron. Lett. 7, 779–781 (1971)
Pintzos, S.G., Pregla, R.: A simple method for computing the resonant frequencies of microstrip ring resonators. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 26, 809–813 (1978)
Wu, Y.S., Rosenbaum, F.J.: Mode chart for microstrip ring resonators. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 21, 487–489 (1973)
Ali, S.M., Weng, C., Kong, J.: Vector Hankel transform analysis of annular-ring microstrip antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 30, 637–644 (1982)
Fan, Z., Lee, K.F.: Hankel transform domain analysis of dual-frequency stacked circular-disk and annular-ring microstrip antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 29, 867–870 (1991)
Liu, H., Hu, X.F.: An improved method to analyze the input impedance of microstrip annular-ring antennas. J. Electromagn. W. Appl. 10, 827–833 (1996)
Liu, H., Hu, X.F.: Input impedance analysis of microstrip annular ring antenna with thick substrate. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 12, 177–204 (1996)
Gurel, C.S., Yazgan, E.: Resonant frequency analysis of annular ring microstrip patch on uniaxial medium via Hankel transform domain immittance approach. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 11, 37–52 (2010)
Motevasselian, A.: Specteral domain analysis of resonant characteristics and radiation patterns of a circular disk and annular ring microstrip antenna on uniaxial substrate. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 21, 237–251 (2011)
Richards, W.F., Jai-Dong, O., Long, S.: A theoretical and experimental investigation of annular, annular sector, and circular sector microstrip antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 32, 864–867 (1984)
Bhattacharyya, A.K., Garg, R.: Input impedance of annular ring microstrip antenna using circuit theory approach. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 33, 369–374 (1985)
El-Khamy, S.E., El-Awadi, R.M., El-Sharrawy, E.B.A.: Simple analysis and design of annular ring microstrip antennas. IEE Proc. H Microw. Antennas Propag. 133, 198–202 (1986)
Gomez-Tagleand, J., Christodoulou, C.G.: Extended cavity model analysis of stacked microstrip ring antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 45, 1626–1635 (1997)
Sathi, V., Ghobadi, C.H., Nourinia, J.: Optimization of circular ring microstrip antenna using genetic algorithm. Int. J. Infrared Millim. W. 29, 897–905 (2008)
Bahl, I.J., Stuchly, S.S.: Closed-form expressions for computer-aided design of microstrip ring antennas. Int. J. Infrared Millim. W. Comput.-Aided Eng. 2, 144–154 (1992)
Kumar, R., Dhubkarya, D.C.: Design and analysis of circular ring microstrip antenna. Glob. J. Res. Eng. 11, 1 (2011)
Dahele, J.S., Lee, K.F.: Characteristics of annular-ring microstrip antenna. Electron. Lett. 18, 1051–1052 (1982)
Lee, K.F., Dahele, J.S., Ho, K.Y.: Annular-ring and circular-disc microstrip antennas with and without air gaps. In: 13th European Microwave Conference, pp. 389–394. (1983)
Row, J.S.: Dual-frequency circularly polarized annular-ring microstrip antenna. Electron. Lett. 40, 153–154 (2004)
Shinde, J., Shinde, P., Kumar, R. Uplane, M.D., Mishra, B.K.: Resonant frequencies of a circularly polarized nearly circular annular ring microstrip antenna with superstrate loading and airgaps. In: Kaleidoscope: Innovations for Future Networks and Services, pp. 1–7. (2010)
Malathi, P., Kumar, R.: On the design of multilayer circular microstrip antenna using artificial neural network. Int. J. Recent Trends Eng. 2, 70–74 (2009)
Kumar, A., Shukla, C.K.: Artificial neural network employed to design annular ring microstrip antenna. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. 4, 4 (2012)
Haykin, S.: Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation. Macmillan College Publishing Company, New York (1994)
Hagan, M.T., Menhaj, M.: Training feed forward networks with the Marquardt algorithm. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 5(6), 989–993 (1994)
Zandieh, M., Azadeh, A., Hadadi, B., Saberi, M.: Application of neural networks for airline number of passenger estimation in time series state. J. Appl. Sci. 9(6), 1001–1013 (2009)
Caddemi, A., Donato, N., Xibilia, M.G.: Advanced simulation of semiconductor devices by artificial neural networks. J. Comput. Electron. 2, 301–307 (2003)
Harrington, R.F.: Field Computation by Moment Methods, Piscataway. IEEE Press, New Jersey (1993)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akdagli, A., Kayabasi, A. An accurate computation method based on artificial neural networks with different learning algorithms for resonant frequency of annular ring microstrip antennas. J Comput Electron 13, 1014–1019 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-014-0624-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-014-0624-6