Skip to main content
Log in

Decline in Co-Residence of Parents and Children Among Older Kuwaiti Men and Women: What Are the Significant Correlates?

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A trend towards decline in co-residence with children is apparent in several countries while it is absent in others. The objectives of this paper are to address the patterns of co-residence with children among older Kuwaiti men and women aged 60+ and to assess the determinants of such patterns within the context of rapid socioeconomic changes occurring in the country (n = 1588). The data for this paper were collected as part of a household survey on the psychosocial health and disability among 2487 older Kuwaitis aged 50+. Forward step-wise logistic regression was run to assess the significant socio-demographic and health related correlates of living without any co-resident children. We found that the percentage living without any co-resident children increased from 5% in 1999 to 24% in 2005/6. About 13% women and 1% men were living alone in 2005/6. In the multivariate analysis, older age, female gender, non-Bedouin cultural background, a smaller number of children, higher educational level, and the presence of one or more domestic helpers were positively associated with the absence of co-resident children. On the other hand, those who were not married were less likely to reside without co-resident children, as were those with higher family incomes. Except for self-rated health none of the health related variables, such as chronic illnesses or depressive symptom experience, emerged as significant. Modernization forces seem to be at the core of the observed decline in co-residence with children.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Autac, I. A. (1998). Intergenerational living arrangements in Turkey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 13, 241–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bicket, M. C., & Mitra, A. (2009). Demographics and living arrangements of the minority elderly in the United States. Applied Economics Letters, 16, 1053–1057.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bongaarts, J., & Zimmer, Z. (2002). Living arrangements of older adults in the developing world: an analysis of demographic and health survey household surveys. Journal of Gerontology. B Psychological Science and Sociological Science, 57, S145–S157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, A. (1997). An overview of the living arrangements and social support exchanges of older Singaporeans. Asian Pacific Population Journal, 12, 35–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, A. (2005). Aging in Southeast and East Asia: issues and policy directions. Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 2, 269–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankenberg, E., Chan, A., & Ofstedal, M. B. (2002). Stability and change in living arrangements in Indonesia, Singapore and Taiwan. Population Studies, 56, 201–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gustavson, K., & Lee, C. D. (2004). Alone and content: frail seniors living in their own homes compared to those who live with others. Journal of Women Aging, 16, 3–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khadr, Z. A. (1997). Living arrangements and social support systems of the older population in Egypt. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Michigan, Department of Sociology.

  • Knodel, J., Chayovan, N., Graisurapong, S., & Suraratdecha, C. (2000). Ageing in Thailand: An overview of formal and informal support. In D. R. Phillips (Ed.), Ageing in the Asia-Pacific region: Issues, policies and future trends (pp. 243–266). London: Routledge Advances in Asia-Pacific Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Legare, J., & Martel, L. (2003). Living arrangements of older persons in the early ninety’s: an international comparison. Genus, LIX(1), 85–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, L. W., Zhang, J., & Liang, J. (2009). Health among the oldest-old in China: which living arrangements make a difference? Social Science and Medicine, 68, 220–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, J., Brown, J. W., Krause, N. M., Ofstedal, M. B., & Bennett, J. (2005). Health and living arrangements among older Americans: does marriage matter? Journal of Aging Health, 17, 305–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehio-Sibai, A., Beydoun, M. A., & Tohme, R. A. (2009). Living arrangements of ever-married older Lebanese women: is living with married children advantageous? Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology, 24, 5–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michael, R. T., Fuchs, V. R., & Scott, S. R. (1980). Changes in the propensity to live alone, 1950–1976. Demography, 17, 39–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palloni, A. (2001). Living arrangements of older persons. In Population Bulletin of the United Nations (ed.), Living arrangements of older persons (pp. 54–110). New York: United Nations Reproduction Section.

  • Public Authority of Civil Information (PACI) (2008). Population and working forces. Kuwait.

  • Schoeni, R. F. (1998). Reassessing the decline in parent-child old-age co-residence during the twentieth century. Demography, 35, 307–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, N. (2010). Population of Kuwait structure and dynamics. Academic publication council, University of Kuwait.

  • Shah, N. M., & Nathanson, C. A. (2004). Parental perceptions of costs and benefits of children as correlates of fertility in Kuwait. Journal of Biosocial Science, 36, 663–682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, N. M., Yount, K. M., Shah, M. A., & Menon, I. (2002). Living arrangements of older women and men in Kuwait. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 17, 337–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, N., Behbehani, J., Al-Obaidi, S., & Badr, H. (2008). Psychological health status, disability and networks of social support among older Kuwaiti men and women, Final report of project number KFAS 2003-1302-02.

  • Siddiqui, R. A. (2010). Duty of children towards their parents in Islam. http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=4324

  • Silverstein, M., Cong, Z., & Li, S. (2006). Intergenerational transfers and living arrangements of older people in rural China: consequences for psychological well-being. Journal of Gerontology B Psychological Science Social Science, 61, S256–S266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takagi, E., Silverstein, M., & Crimmins, E. (2007). Intergenerational co-residence of older adults in Japan: conditions for cultural plasticity. Journal of Gerontology B Psychological Science Social Science, 62, S330–S339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Truong, S. A., Bui, T. C., Goodkind, D., & Knodel, J. (1997). Living arrangements, patrilineality and sources of support among elderly Vietnamese. Asian Pacific Population Journal, 12, 69–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • You, K. S., & Lee, H. (2006). The physical, mental, and emotional health of older people who are living alone or with relatives. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 20, 193–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yount, K. M. (2009). Gender and intergenerational co-residence in Egypt and Tunisia. Population Research Policy Review, 28, 615–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yount, K. M., & Khadr, Z. (2008). Gender, social change and living arrangements among older Egyptians during 1990s. Population Research Policy Review, 27, 201–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmer, Z., & Dayton, J. (2005). Older adults in sub-Saharan Africa living with children and grandchildren. Population Studies (Camb.), 59, 295–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmer, Z., & Kim, S. K. (2001). Living arrangements and socio-demographic conditions of older adults in Cambodia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 16, 353–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Kuwait Foundation for Social Sciences [grant number KFAS 2003-1302-02].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nasra M. Shah.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shah, N.M., Badr, H.E., Yount, K. et al. Decline in Co-Residence of Parents and Children Among Older Kuwaiti Men and Women: What Are the Significant Correlates?. J Cross Cult Gerontol 26, 157–174 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-011-9138-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-011-9138-x

Keywords

Navigation