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Angel Ethnogenesis and the Cahokian Diaspora

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Abstract

The rise of Cahokia, the largest precontact Native American city north of Mexico, was precipitated by centripetal and centrifugal mobilizations of peoples, ideas, objects, and practices. To interrogate outward Cahokian movements as diasporic, I reassess relationships between Cahokia and the Angel polity on the northeastern Mississippian frontier. I approach Mississippian communities through a relational framework as ever-emerging assemblages constituted by both human and non-human actors. This framework emphasizes ethnogenesis as a process of diaspora whereby dispersed groups are in a perpetual state of community-making outside of, but in reference to, a homeland. I focus on an analysis of the Angel assemblage of Ramey Incised pottery, a power-laden Cahokian object, and determine that Angel Ramey exhibits local paste signatures in what are otherwise primarily Cahokian-style pots. Further, I contextualize artifactual connections with socio-spatial practices of Angel communities and demonstrate that aligning residential structures and communal features to a Cahokian cosmography was a principal part of community-identity-making throughout the Angel polity. Ultimately, I argue that relationships with Cahokia motivated ethnogenesis in Angel communities.

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Acknowledgments

Research at the Stephan-Steinkamp site was supported by the Indiana University Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University Department of Anthropology David C. Skomp Fund, and the generosity of Kenneth Burgdorf and family. Many thanks to my fellow co-organizers and contributors to the original session at the 2017 Southeastern Archaeological Conference and this special issue. Thank you to Dr. Susan Alt for the thoughtful comments on the conference draft of this paper and thanks to all the original session discussants (Dr. Vincas Steponaitis, Dr. Lynne Sullivan, Dr. Susan Alt, and Dr. Peter Peregrine) for your lively discussion of archaeologies of diaspora and the Mississippian world. Three anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments and suggestions that supported the transformation of this work from conference musings to article. Special thanks to my dear husband, Giannis Malouchos, for sharing his expertise in Ancient Greek language.

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  1. Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University, 423 North Fess Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA

    Elizabeth Watts Malouchos

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Watts Malouchos, E. Angel Ethnogenesis and the Cahokian Diaspora. J Archaeol Method Theory 27, 128–156 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-020-09443-0

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