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Modeling Expansive Phenomena in Early Complex Societies: the Transition from Bronze Iron Age in Prehistoric Europe

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Abstract

The Bronze Age/Iron Age transition in Prehistoric Europe represents a perfect case study to test different and competing hypotheses of social dynamics and economic change in small-scale societies. The paper discusses the possibilities of modeling what could have happened in Europe between 1800 and 800 bc, in terms of spatiotemporal dynamics. The paper presents some theoretical aspects of the dynamic study of expansive phenomena and gives an overview of a computer model programmed to explain the way new burial forms expanded in Europe. The main idea is comparing classic demic diffusion models (spread of population), cultural transmission models (spread of ideas), and technological innovation diffusion model (spread of goods). We will present the fundamentals of a preliminary study towards the computational simulation of such hypothetical social mechanisms, using a dataset composed of more than 1,500 georeferenced and radiocarbon dated archaeological contexts of a period between the Early Bronze Age and the first Iron Age (1800–800 bc) from an area including the North-East of Iberian Peninsula, Southern France, Northern and Central Italy, Switzerland, Austria, and Southern Germany.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Neus Isern for her estimations of the speed of expansion based on the authors' radiocarbon estimates and assuming a classical Fisher-KPP model. The authors also acknowledge the comments by Quim Fort, external reviewers, and the editors of this volume. This research is part of the project PADICAT (“Patrimoni Digital Arqueològic de Catalunya), funded by the Obra Social la Caixa and the Asociació d” Universitats Catalanes (Programa RecerCaixa, RECER2010-05). Parts of it have been funded by the project “Social and environmental transitions: Simulating the Past to understand human behavior,” funded by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation, under the program CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010, CSD2010-00034. In addition, the authors also acknowledge funds from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, through grant no. HAR2009-12258 awarded to J.A. Barceló. Giacomo Capuzzo acknowledges his research grant from the Departament de Universitats, Investigació i Societat de la Informació of the Generalitat de Catalunya.

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  1. Department of Prehistory, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Building B, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain

    J. A. Barceló, G. Capuzzo & I. Bogdanović

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Barceló, J.A., Capuzzo, G. & Bogdanović, I. Modeling Expansive Phenomena in Early Complex Societies: the Transition from Bronze Iron Age in Prehistoric Europe. J Archaeol Method Theory 21, 486–510 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-013-9195-2

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