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Contributions of GIS and Satellite-based Remote Sensing to Landscape Archaeology in the Middle East

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Journal of Archaeological Research Aims and scope

Abstract

This article explores the coevolution of landscape approaches and geospatial tools in Middle Eastern archaeology. From the first aerial reconnaissance programs, archaeologists recognized the value of a view from above to address overarching human–environmental questions that underpin regional historical narratives. The diversity and density of visible remains in the landscape of the Middle East has required an integrative approach, encompassed in the perspective of landscape as a static artifact, landscape as built features, landscape as a system, and landscape as a dynamic construct, which cuts across modern political boundaries. Recent advances in geospatial tools and datasets have enabled archaeologists to make significant progress on four long-standing questions of how to (1) best document and manage rapidly disappearing ancient landscapes, (2) understand landscape formation processes, (3) identify and interpret economic, environmental, and social influences that result in long-term settlement and land use patterns, and (4) recognize and contextualize the interplay between environment and human agency in the evolution of ancient economies and transformations in socio-organizational complexity.

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Acknowledgments

I thank seven anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Among colleagues, I thank Tony Wilkinson, Scott Branting and Jennifer Pournelle for numerous important discussions on this topic. In particular, I thank the Fall 2012 ANTH 521 class at Penn State University for fruitful comments and suggestions about landscapes and manuscripts.

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  1. Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA, 16801, USA

    Carrie Hritz

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Hritz, C. Contributions of GIS and Satellite-based Remote Sensing to Landscape Archaeology in the Middle East. J Archaeol Res 22, 229–276 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-013-9072-2

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