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Evaluation of Sample Preparation Methods for the Classification of Children’s Ca–Fe–Zn Oral Liquid by Libs

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Journal of Applied Spectroscopy Aims and scope

Different manufacturers do not produce the same quality of children’s Ca–Fe–Zn oral liquid due to different production materials and processes. To improve the phenomenon of counterfeit and imitation oral liquid on the market and effectively monitor its quality, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) fingerprinting with sample preparation methods can provide a tool for real-time and rapid detection of oral liquids. The sample preparation methods include filter paper adsorption (FPA), filter paper adsorption with elemental Cu (FPA with Cu), adding dropwise to glass slides (ADS), adding dropwise to glass slides with elemental Cu (ADS with Cu), and gel preparation (GP). This work collected LIBS spectrum of oral liquids from eight manufacturers. The model for eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was constructed for classifying oral liquids based on five sample preparation methods. The accuracy was 91.25, 94.17, 55.42, 91.25, and 91.29%, respectively. The results show that the FPA method is more straightforward, efficient, and less affected by the specificity of the color of the sample. Both ADS and GP are susceptible to the color characteristics of the sample and are not well suited to the direct detection of transparent liquids. This work demonstrated that oral liquids could be discriminated by analyzing LIBS spectrum combined with the XGBoost model. Additionally, sample preparation, like the simple FPA method, can improve the accuracy of LIBS classification.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China

    Weiping Xie, Gangrong Fu, Jiang Xu, Min Zeng, Qi Wan & Mingyin Yao

  2. College of Vocational Education and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China

    Xiaoying Yao

  3. Changzhou College of Information Technology, Changzhou, China

    Ping Yang

Authors
  1. Weiping Xie
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  2. Gangrong Fu
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  3. Jiang Xu
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  4. Min Zeng
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  5. Qi Wan
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  6. Xiaoying Yao
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  8. Mingyin Yao
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Correspondence to Mingyin Yao.

Additional information

Abstract of article is published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 91, No. 1, p. 167, January–February, 2024.

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Xie, W., Fu, G., Xu, J. et al. Evaluation of Sample Preparation Methods for the Classification of Children’s Ca–Fe–Zn Oral Liquid by Libs. J Appl Spectrosc 91, 209–217 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-024-01708-w

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