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Supplementation of tropical red seaweeds improved gut health indices, antioxidant status and immunity in adult dogs

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Abstract

We explored the effect of supplementation of two tropical red seaweeds, Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) and Gracilaria salicornia (GS) at three different levels (0, 1.5 and 3%) on nutrient utilization, gut health, antioxidant, and immune status in adult dogs. The experiment was based on a 5 x 5 Latin square design (LSD) comprising five adult Labrador dogs, five dietary treatments (CON: basal diet; KAL: KA at 1.5 % of diet dry matter (DM); KAH: KA at 3 % DM; GSL: GS at 1.5 % DM; GSH: GS at 3 % DM) and five periods, each of 21 days, followed by a 7-day washout period in between. The palatability, food intake, and body weight changes were comparable among the groups (P>0.05). The supplementation of two seaweeds at either level did not have any effect on nutrient digestibility (P>0.05). The fecal lactate concentration was higher (P<0.05) in GSL and GSH groups whereas fecal ammonia was lower (P<0.05) in the GSH group in comparison to the other groups. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) profile improved (P<0.05) in the KAH, GSL, and GSH groups. The mean fecal Lactobacillus count tended to increase (P<0.10) in the KAH and GSH groups while the coliform count remained unaffected by seaweed supplementation. The mean fecal Bifidobacterium population was higher (P<0.05) and the mean clostridial population was lower (P<0.05) in the GSH group as compared to -other groups. The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) was higher (P<0.05) and lipid peroxides were lower in the KAH and GSH groups. A tendency (P<0.10) of improved cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was observed in the GSH group as compared to other groups. Overall, the supplementation of either of the seaweeds at 1.5 % failed to exert significant influence on any of the parameters studied except fecal VFA and lactate levels, whereas both the seaweeds at 3% level showed some promising benefits in terms of improved gut health, antioxidant, and immune status and the best response was obtained in GSH group. Hence, it can be concluded that supplementation of GS at the 3 % level outperformed KA supplementation at the 3 % level by improving gut health, antioxidant status and immunity.

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The data that support our findings of the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to Director, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly (India) for providing all the facilities required to conduct the experiment and also Aquagri Processing Pvt Ltd, Madurai, Tamil Nadu (India) for providing the seaweeds to carry out the experiment.

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  1. Centre of Advance Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P 243122, India

    K. Y. Srinivas, A. Das, P. Bagavan Reddy & A. K. Verma

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  1. K. Y. Srinivas
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  2. A. Das
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K.Y. Srinivas, P.B. Reddy performed the experiment, laboratory analysis and extracted the data; A. Das and A. K. Verma conceived and designed the study; K.Y. Srinivas, A. Das and P.B. Reddy wrote manuscript by interpreting the results.

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All the protocols and procedures used in the present experiment were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC), ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly (India) and CPCSEA, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, New Delhi (India). The animal care procedures were approved with approval number: V-11011(13)/4/2023-CPCSEA-DADF.

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Srinivas, K.Y., Das, A., Reddy, P.B. et al. Supplementation of tropical red seaweeds improved gut health indices, antioxidant status and immunity in adult dogs. J Appl Phycol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-024-03229-7

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