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Performance evaluation of green and integrated extraction approaches for the recovery of fatty acids, polysaccharides, and proteins from brown macroalgae for a sustainable biorefinery

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Abstract

This work centered on the valorization of brown macroalgae by sequentially extracting multiple value-added compounds using emerging green extraction techniques. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract lipids (up to 8%) from Padina tetrastromatica and Turbinaria conoides biomass, which was found to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids with multiple potential nutraceutical applications. Using the subcritical water (ScW) technique, 48 wt % sodium alginate and 11 wt % protein were then recovered from the SFE residual biomass. The alginate derived from ScW contained mannuronic (M) and guluronic acids (G) with M/G ratio greater than 1, fulfilling WHO and FAO guidelines for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Alginate extracted using ScW exhibited up to 80% in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity. Thus, an integrated method has been designed to valorize biomass by extracting commercially relevant valuable compounds from macroalgae utilizing green and sustainable technologies, which could be used to scale-up extraction of these compounds by a variety of industrial sectors.

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Data availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Dr. Satyanarayan Naik, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely acknowledge the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi for the financial and technical support to carry out this research work. The authors are grateful to Central Research Facility (CRF), IIT Delhi and Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility (ARIF), JNU Delhi, for help with ICP-MS, FTIR, HPLC, NMR and SEM.

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The authors acknowledge funding from IIT Delhi to carry out the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Supercritical Fluid Extraction Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India

    Nidhi Hans & Satyanarayan Naik

  2. Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, IIT Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India

    Anushree Malik

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  1. Nidhi Hans
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Nidhi Hans: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Software, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization, Experimentation. Anushree Malik: Conceptualization, Supervision, Proofreading and Funding acquisition. Satyanarayan Naik: Conceptualization, Supervision, Proofreading and Funding acquisition.

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Hans, N., Malik, A. & Naik, S. Performance evaluation of green and integrated extraction approaches for the recovery of fatty acids, polysaccharides, and proteins from brown macroalgae for a sustainable biorefinery. J Appl Phycol 36, 341–357 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-023-03126-5

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