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Elevated CO2 concentrations promote growth and photosynthesis of the brown alga Saccharina japonica

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Abstract

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is one of the most important photo-protection mechanisms in brown macroalgae. Global warming and ocean acidification are predicted to impact physiological characteristics of marine algae. However, little is known about the effects of co-occurrence of the elevation of pCO2 and temperature on photochemical capacity, especially regarding photoprotective mechanisms in brown macroalgae. Here, we studied the separate and combined effects of increases in pCO2 and temperature on the photochemical characteristics and growth performance in sporophytes of the brown macroalga Saccharina japonica. The results showed that the NPQ of S. japonica is mainly dependent on the xanthophyll cycle (XC) which appears to be related only to the activation of the enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE), and the transthylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) could not induce NPQ alone. The elevation of pCO2 reduced NPQ value of S. japonica under high-temperature stress. After 60-day cultivation under the ambient and elevated pCO2 (400 and 1000 μatm), we further found that the elevation of pCO2 promoted growth and increased the photosynthetic performance of all three cultivar strains of S. japonica that have been traditionally cultured for many years in China.

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Funding

This work was supported by National key research and development program of China (2018YFD0901503, 2018YFD0900703, 2016YFC1402102); Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2019JZZY020706); National Natural Science Foundation of China (41976110; 41676145); Shandong key Research and Development Plan (2018GHY115010); Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-Profit Institutes, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (20603022019006, 20603022016001); Youth Talent Program Supported by Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (2018-MFS-01); Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (NO. 2018SDKJ0406-3); China Agriculture Research System (CARS-50).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China

    Xiansheng Zhang & Fang Li

  2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Dong Xu, Zheng Guan, Yan Zhang, Wei Wang, Xiaowen Zhang, Xiao Fan & Naihao Ye

  3. Rongcheng Comprehensive Technology Transfer Center, Rongcheng, China

    Shaohua Wang

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  1. Xiansheng Zhang
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  2. Dong Xu
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  3. Zheng Guan
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  4. Shaohua Wang
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  5. Yan Zhang
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  6. Wei Wang
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  7. Xiaowen Zhang
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  8. Xiao Fan
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  9. Fang Li
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  10. Naihao Ye
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Correspondence to Fang Li or Naihao Ye.

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Zhang, X., Xu, D., Guan, Z. et al. Elevated CO2 concentrations promote growth and photosynthesis of the brown alga Saccharina japonica. J Appl Phycol 32, 1949–1959 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02108-1

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