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Effect of extraction method and solvent system on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of selected macro- and microalgae extracts

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Abstract

The interest in using marine organisms as a source of novel bioactive compounds has increased recently, reinforcing the need to find efficient and cost-effective methods to extract these biocompounds. Thus, the present study has focused on evaluating four solvent systems and three extraction methods to obtain extracts of three macroalgae (Gracilaria sp., Fucus vesiculosus, and Ulva rigida) and two microalgae (Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis gaditana). The extracts were evaluated regarding yield, phenolic content, and potential antioxidant activity. Results showed that a lower organic solvent:water ratio increased macroalgae, but not microalgae, biomass extraction efficiency. Levels of total phenolics, ortho-diphenols and flavonoids were highly influenced by algae material and solvent system applied. Strong 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity was obtained with ethanol:water, 80:20 (E80:20) microalgal extracts, while no visible trend was detected for macroalgae extracts. However, methanolic extracts were the most effective in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In macroalgae, a high positive correlation was observed between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity while in microalgae, the opposite was verified, suggesting that in microalgae, phenolic compounds are not the main contributors to the observed antioxidant capacity.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank BUGGYPOWER for the kind supply of the Nannochloropsis gaditana and Chlorella sp. strains used in this study.

Funding

M. Monteiro and R.A. Santos were supported by grants SFRH/BD/114995/2016 and SFRH/BD/131069/2017, respectively, from FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology—under the POCI program. A. Couto, C.R. Serra, and P. Enes have a scientific employment contract supported by national funds through FCT. This research was partially supported by the Strategic Funding to UID/Multi/04423/2019 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007621) through national funds provided by FCT under the project PTDC/CVT-WEL/5207/2014 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016797), FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the framework of the programme PT2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal

    M. Monteiro, R. A. Santos, A. Couto, C. R. Serra, A. Oliva-Teles, P. Enes & P. Díaz-Rosales

  2. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    M. Monteiro, R. A. Santos, A. Couto, A. Oliva-Teles & P. Enes

  3. Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Univesidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (CITAB-UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal

    R. A. Santos, I. Gouvinhas & A. Barros

  4. Buggypower S.L., R Parque Industrial Base 2000 Calle n° 9, Nave 330564, Murcia, Spain

    P. Iglesias

  5. Inmunología y Patología de Peces, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA), Carretera de Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Madrid, Spain

    P. Díaz-Rosales

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  1. M. Monteiro
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Monteiro, M., Santos, R.A., Iglesias, P. et al. Effect of extraction method and solvent system on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of selected macro- and microalgae extracts. J Appl Phycol 32, 349–362 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-019-01927-1

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