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A unique, highly variable mitochondrial gene with coding capacity of Heterosigma akashiwo, class Raphidophyceae

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Abstract

Information related to geographical distribution and local strain composition is essential to an understanding of the dynamics of harmful algae in the environment. Previously, we identified a highly variable segment on the mitochondrial genome of Heterosigma akashiwo, a bloom-forming noxious unicellular algal species. Here, we assessed the utility of the mitochondrial hypervariable region for the phylogeographic study of the alga for different distance ranges. The sequences of H. akashiwo strains obtained from different geographic origins were successfully amplified and sequenced. We found differences among the sequences of the strains obtained from high-latitude regions of Northern Pacific/Atlantic; lower latitude regions of North America West Coast; and other regions including Brazil, Japan, Singapore, and North America East Coast. On the other hand, no strong geographic patterns for the sequences among Japanese strains were observed. Therefore, the hypervariable segment may be useful to distinguish H. akashiwo strains originated from distant regions (Atlantic/Pacific, high/low latitudes), rather than regions separated by shorter distances. The sequence contains an open reading frame coding for a protein with unknown function, and the transcription of the gene was confirmed by RNA-seq analysis. Despite the sequence variations observed among H. akashiwo strains originating in different parts of the world, three domains of the protein were highly conserved among all of the strains, suggesting that they may be important to the function of the protein.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Ohara Foundation for Agricultural Research, KAKENHI (26291092, 16H06449a8, and 15H01263), and Priority Areas “Comprehensive Genomics” (No. 221S0002) provided by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan to SU. The collaboration between SSP and SU was supported by Supporting Program for Interaction-based Initiative Team Studies of Kyoto University. We would like to thank Dr. Natsuko Nakayama (National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency) for testing the primers on the H. akashiwo strains.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan

    Aiko Higashi & Shoko Ueki

  2. Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Satoshi Nagai

  3. Marine Biology Department, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro—UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Paulo S. Salomon

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  1. Aiko Higashi
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  2. Satoshi Nagai
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  3. Paulo S. Salomon
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  4. Shoko Ueki
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Correspondence to Shoko Ueki.

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Higashi, A., Nagai, S., Salomon, P.S. et al. A unique, highly variable mitochondrial gene with coding capacity of Heterosigma akashiwo, class Raphidophyceae. J Appl Phycol 29, 2961–2969 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-017-1142-2

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