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Preliminary study on flg22-induced defense responses in female gametophytes of Saccharina japonica (Phaeophyta)

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Abstract

Flg22, which is the most conserved 22-amino acid peptide in the N-terminal part of flagellin, functions as an effective elicitor in higher plants. Marine algae and higher plants share some conserved characteristics on defense response pathways. Flg22-induced defense responses were investigated in female gametophytes of Saccharina japonica. Condensation of chloroplasts and thickened cell walls, as well as relatively stable structures of mitochondria and nucleus indicated that there were hypersensitive programmed cell death occurred after induction by flg22. By using luminol-dependent luminescence detection method, rapid release of H2O2 was detected in the induced female gametophytes and reached a peak concentration of about 46 μM at 2 h. Reactive oxygen species production was also observed histologically using the fluorescent dye 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, showing a consistent result with quantitative analysis of H2O2. Furthermore, results of antioxidant enzyme activities indicated that there was a trend in the order of catalase > superoxide dismutase > glutathione peroxidase. Finally, high level phenol content of cell-free extracts was found after flg22 induction. According to our results, flg22 could be an effective elicitor which could induce defense responses in female gametophytes of S. japonica.

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Acknowledgments

This study was sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (no. Y2007D42), science and technology development project of Qingdao, China, 12-1-4-1-(4)-jch, and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry, (2010) 1561, SRTP (Student Research Training Program) of Ocean University of China, 201210423048.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, People’s Republic of China

    Shasha Wang, Xiaojiao Wei, Bojun Lu & Gaoge Wang

  2. Qingdao No. 39 Middle School, Dengzhou Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, People’s Republic of China

    Fengyang Zhao

  3. Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road No. 7, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Delin Duan

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  1. Shasha Wang
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  6. Gaoge Wang
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Correspondence to Gaoge Wang.

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Wang, S., Zhao, F., Wei, X. et al. Preliminary study on flg22-induced defense responses in female gametophytes of Saccharina japonica (Phaeophyta). J Appl Phycol 25, 1215–1223 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9911-4

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