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Rapid and slow modulation of nitrate reductase activity in the red macroalga Gracilaria chilensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): influence of different nitrogen sources

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Abstract

Nitrate is one of the most important stimuli in nitrate reductase (NR) induction, while ammonium is usually an inhibitor. We evaluated the influence of nitrate, ammonium or urea as nitrogen sources on NR activity of the agarophyte Gracilaria chilensis. The addition of nitrate rapidly (2 min) induced NR activity, suggesting a fast post-translational regulation. In contrast, nitrate addition to starved algae stimulated rapid nitrate uptake without a concomitant induction of NR activity. These results show that in the absence of nitrate, NR activity is negatively affected, while the nitrate uptake system is active and ready to operate as soon as nitrate is available in the external medium, indicating that nitrate uptake and assimilation are differentially regulated. The addition of ammonium or urea as nitrogen sources stimulated NR activity after 24 h, different from that observed for other algae. However, a decrease in NR activity was observed after the third day under ammonium or urea. During the dark phase, G. chilensis NR activity was low when compared to the light phase. A light pulse of 15 min during the dark phase induced NR activity 1.5-fold suggesting also fast post-translational regulation. Nitrate reductase regulation by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and by protein synthesis and degradation, were evaluated using inhibitors. The results obtained for G. chilensis show a post-translational regulation as a rapid response mechanism by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and a slower mechanism by regulation of RNA synthesis coupled to de novo NR protein synthesis.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for investigation and scholarships was obtained from Conselho Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and International Foundation for Science (IFS). We are grateful to Dr. Elisabete Braga for the seawater analyses in the uptake experiments and to Rosário Petti for technical assistance.

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  1. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 11461, CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Fungyi Chow & Mariana Cabral de Oliveira

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  1. Fungyi Chow
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  2. Mariana Cabral de Oliveira
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Correspondence to Fungyi Chow.

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Chow, F., de Oliveira, M.C. Rapid and slow modulation of nitrate reductase activity in the red macroalga Gracilaria chilensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): influence of different nitrogen sources. J Appl Phycol 20, 775–782 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9310-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-008-9310-z

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