Skip to main content
Log in

Family Empowerment: Predicting Service Utilization for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often utilize a variety of services. Relatively few studies have examined the relationship between family empowerment and service utilization for this population. The present study investigated the relationship between family empowerment and service utilization in families of children with ASD from the Pacific Northwest. Family empowerment did not predict the use of behavioral services or established related services. However, higher family empowerment was reported for families who reported use of complementary and alternative medicine. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Banach, M., Iudice, J., Conway, L., & Couse, L. J. (2010). Family support and empowerment: Post autism diagnosis support group for parents. Social Work with Groups, 33, 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/01609510903437383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnhill, G. P., Polloway, E. A., & Sumutka, B. M. (2011). A survey of personnel preparation practices in autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 26(2), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357610378292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casagrande, K. S., & Ingersoll, B. R. (2017). Service delivery outcomes in ASD: Role of parent education, empowerment, and professional partnerships. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 2386–2395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0759-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Community-University Partnership for the Study of Children, Youth, and Families (2011). Review of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition (Vineland-II). Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 

  • Downs, R. C., & Downs, A. (2010). Practices in early intervention for children with autism comparison with the national research council recommended practices. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 45(1), 150–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(11), 1337–1345. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green, V. (2007). Parental experience with treatments for autism. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 19, 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-007-9035-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, E., Kalish, L. A., Bunce, E., Curtis, C., McDaniel, S., Ware, J., & Petry, J. (2007). Use of complementary and alternative medicine among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(4), 628–636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0192-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400. (2004). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-108publ446/pdf/PLAW-108publ446.pdf

  • Irvin, D. W., McBee, M., Boyd, B. A., Hume, K., & Odom, S. L. (2012). Child and family factors associated with the use of services for preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 565–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.07.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koren, P. E., DeChillo, N., & Friesen, B. J. (1992). Measuring empowerment in families whose children have emotional disabilities: A brief questionnaire. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37, 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurth, J. A., Love, H., & Pirtle, J. (2020). Parent perspective of their involvement in IEP development for children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 35(1), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357619842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., Baio, J., Washington, A., Patrick, M., DiRienzo, M., Christensen, D. L., Wiggins, L. D., Pettygrove, S., Andrews, J. G., Lopez, M., Hudson, A., Baroud, T., Schwenk, Y., White, T., Robsinon Rosenberg, C., Lee, L., Harrington, R. A., Huston, M., & Dietz, P. M. (2020). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2016. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Surveillance Summaries, 69(SS04), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, L. L., & Zemantic, P. K. (2017). Examining services for young children with autism spectrum disorder: Parent satisfaction and predictors of service utilization. Early Childhood Education Journal, 45(6), 727–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-016-0821-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milton, D. (2014). So what exactly are autism interventions intervening with? Good Autism Practice, 15(2), 6–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minjarez, M. B., Mercier, E. M., Williams, S. E., & Hardan, A. Y. (2012). Impact of pivotal response training group therapy on stress and empowerment in parents of children with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 15(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300712449055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphey, M. A., & Ruble, L. A. (2012). A comparative study of rurality and urbanicity on access to and satisfaction with services for children with autism spectrum disorders. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 31(13), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/875687051203100302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Autism Center. (2009). Findings and conclusions: National standards project, phase 1. National Autism Center. Retrieved from https://www.nationalautismcenter.org/national-standards-project/history/

  • National Autism Center. (2015). Findings and conclusions: National standards project, phase 2. National Autism Center. Retrieved from https://www.nationalautismcenter.org/national-standards-project/phase-2/

  • National Research Council. (2001). Educating children with autism. In C. Lord & J. P. McGee (Eds.), Committee on educational interventions for children with autism. Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Association of School Psychologists. (2010). Principles for professional ethics. National Association of School Psychologists. Retrieved from http://www.nasponline.org

  • Nyguyen, C. T., Krakowiak, P., Hanson, R., Hertz-Picciotto, I., & Angkustsiri, K. (2016). Sociodemographic disparities in intervention service utilization in families of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 46, 3729–3738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2913-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odom, S. L., Collett-Klingenberg, L., Rogers, S. J., & Hatton, D. D. (2010). Evidence-based practices in interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders. Preventing School Failure, 54(4), 275–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/10459881003785506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, V. D., & Balla, A. D. (2005). Vineland adaptive behavior scales (2nd ed.). American Guidance Service; Circle Pines, MN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E., Van Bourgondien, M. E., Wellman, G. J., & Love, S. R. (2010). Childhood Autism Rating Scale, second edition (CARS-2). Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siller, M., Reyes, N., Hotez, E., Hutman, T., & Sigman, M. (2014). Longitudinal change in the use of services in autism spectrum disorder: Understanding the role of child characteristics, family demographics, and parent cognitions. The International Journal of Research and Practice, 18(4), 433–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361313476766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, N. N., Curtis, W. J., Ellis, C. R., Nicholson, M. W., Villani, T. M., & Weschler, H. A. (1995). Psychometric analysis of the family empowerment scale. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 3(2), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/106342669500300203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, K. C., Ellis, A. R., McLaurin, C., Daniels, J., & Morrissey, J. P. (2007). Access to care for autism-related services. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(10), 1902–1912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0323-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Office of Special Education Programs. (2020). 41st annual report to congress on the implementation of the individuals with disabilities education act, 2019. U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from https://sites.ed.gov/idea/files/41st-arc-for-idea.pdf.

  • Zuckerman, K. E., Lindly, O. J., Reyes, N. M., Chavez, A. E., Marcias, K., Smith, K. N., & Reynolds, A. (2017). Disparities in diagnosis and treatment of autism in Latino and non- Latino white families. Pediatrics, 139(5), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-3010

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research was funded in part by a grant from the Fairway Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (R01 HD059838) awarded to the last author.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

This study utilized data from a larger study that was conceptualized and led by LLM. All authors participated in the study design and provided feedback on the manuscript, which was initially drafted by PKZ and ECK-N. Analyses were performed by ECK-N and JS-L.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patricia K. Zemantic.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zemantic, P.K., Kurtz-Nelson, E.C., Barton, H. et al. Family Empowerment: Predicting Service Utilization for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 52, 4986–4993 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05329-6

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05329-6

Keywords

Navigation