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Brief Report: Role of Parent-Reported Executive Functioning and Anxiety in Insistence on Sameness in Individuals with Germline PTEN Mutations

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Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the relationship between insistence on sameness (IS), executive functioning (EF) and anxiety among individuals with PTEN mutations and individuals with macrocephalic ASD. The sample included 38 individuals with PTEN mutation and ASD diagnosis (PTEN-ASD; Mage = 8.93 years, SDage = 4.75), 23 with PTEN mutation without ASD (PTEN-no ASD; Mage = 8.94 years; SDage = 4.85) and 25 with ASD and macrocephaly but with no PTEN mutation (Macro-ASD; Mage = 11.99 years; SDage = 5.15). The final model accounted for 45.7% of variance in IS, with Set-Shifting EF subdomain as a unique independent predictor (t = 4.12, p < 0.001). This investigation provides the first preliminary evidence for the EF—anxiety—IS interrelationship in individuals with PTEN mutations and with macrocephalic ASD.

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Acknowledgments

We are sincerely indebted to the generosity of the families and patients in PTEN clinics across the United States who contributed their time and effort to this study. We would also like to thank the PTEN Hamartoma Syndrome Foundation and the PTEN Research Foundation for their continued support in PTEN research. CE is the Sondra J. and Stephen R. Hardis Endowed Chair of Cancer Genomic Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic and an ACS Clinical Research Professor. MS is the Rosamund Stone Zander Chair at Boston Children’s Hospital. MU is currently supported by the Discovery Early Career Researcher Award from the Australian Research Council (DE180100632). Other members supporting Project include: Simon K. Warfield, PhD (Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA); Benoit Scherrer, PhD (Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA); Kira Dies, ScM, CGC (Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA); Rajna Filip-Dhima, MS (Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA); Amanda Gulsrud, PhD (UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA); Ellen Hanson, PhD (Department of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA); Jennifer M. Phillips, PhD (Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford CA).

Funding

This study was funded, in part, by the National Institute of Health Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium (U54NS092090; PI/Network Director: Sahin; Project 2 Leaders/PIs: Eng & Busch) and the Ambrose Monell Foundation (to CE). The Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium (U54NS092090) is part of the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN), an initiative of the Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Mirko Uljarević

  2. La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia

    Mirko Uljarević

  3. Department of Psychology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, USA

    Thomas W. Frazier

  4. Université Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon

    Gaëlle Rached

  5. Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Robyn M. Busch & Patricia Klaas

  6. Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Siddharth Srivastava & Mustafa Sahin

  7. Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Julian A. Martinez-Agosto

  8. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Julian A. Martinez-Agosto

  9. Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Robyn M. Busch & Charis Eng

  10. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Antonio Y. Hardan

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  1. Mirko Uljarević
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on behalf of the Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium

Contributions

CE, MS, TWF, and AYH designed the study. CE, MS, AYH, RMB, PK, SS, and JAMA collected the data. MU and AYH wrote the manuscript. MU conducted the data analysis. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mirko Uljarević.

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Uljarević, M., Frazier, T.W., Rached, G. et al. Brief Report: Role of Parent-Reported Executive Functioning and Anxiety in Insistence on Sameness in Individuals with Germline PTEN Mutations. J Autism Dev Disord 52, 414–422 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04881-5

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