Abstract
Czech’s claims that my paper abounds with mistranslations, misrepresentations, and factual errors are refuted point-by-point, as is his declaration that the paper contains no relevant or new evidence. Asperger’s statements that Franz Hamburger saved him from the Gestapo are reaffirmed and supported with a personal communication from Asperger’s daughter, Dr. Maria Asperger Felder. Czech’s criticism of anonymous peer reviewers and his call for retraction of my paper are, at best, unconstructive. In light of the current resurgence of authoritarian governments that promote xenophobic and racist ideology in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere, it is essential that details about the Nazi euthanasia program continue to be recalled and deliberated, as they are in this exchange. I stand by my paper.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Dr. Elga Wulfert, whose first language in German, kindly provided advice about my translation of Asperger’s 1938 article. I introduced the error when I did a last-minute check of the sentence in question after she had read and commented on the full translation.
Dr. Asperger Felder accompanied her personal communication with a statement notarized on May 17, 2019, which provides details about the five children’s recollections.
This endnote is mislabeled as 37 in Czech’s text.
References
Asperger, H. (1937). Das psychisch abnorme Kind. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 50, 1460–1461.
Asperger, H. (1942). “Jugendpsychiatrie”und “Heilpädagogik”. Munch Med Wochenschr, 89, 352–356.
Asperger, H. (1944). ‘Autistic psychopathy’ in childhood. Translated and annotated by U. Frith (Ed.) in Autism and Asperger syndrome (1991), pp. 37–92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Asperger, H. (1957). Probleme der modernen Pädiatrie. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 69(31), 549–553.
Asperger, H. (1962). “Ecce infans”, Zur Ganzheitsproblematik in der modernen Pädiatrie. Wien klin Wochenschr (Wiener Antrittsvorlesung), 74, 936–941.
Asperger Felder, M. (2008). “Zum Sehen geboren, zum Schauen bestellt”. Hans Asperger (1906–1980: Leben und Werk). In R. Castell (Ed.), Hundert Jahre Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie: Biografien und Autobiografien (pp. 99–117). Göttingen: V&R unipress GmbH.
Baron-Cohen, S. (2018). Hans Asperger’s Nazi collusion. Nature, 557, 305–306.
Crawford, Z. (2015). The administration of death: Karl Brandt, Philipp Bouhler, Viktor Brack, and Leonardo Conti. Western Illinois Historical Review, VII(Spring 2015), 59–85.
Czech, H. (2018). Hans Asperger, National Socialism, and “race hygiene” in Nazi-era Vienna. Molecular Autism, 9(1), 29.
Czech, H. (2019). Response to ‘Non-complicit: Revisiting Hans Asperger’s Career in Nazi-era Vienna’. Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03981-7.
Falk, D. (2019). Non-complicit: Revisiting Hans Asperger’s career in Nazi-era Vienna. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03981-7.
Häupl, W. (2006). Die ermordeten Kinder vom Spiegelgrund: Gedenkdokumentation für die Opfer der NS-Kindereuthanasie in Wien. Wien: Böhlau.
Hepburn, M. A. (2014). Lives Worthy of Life and Remembrance: Memorialization of the National Socialist Aktion T4 Euthanasia Programme. University of Toronto.
Larson, K. C. (2015). Rosemary: The hidden Kennedy daughter. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Martens, D. (2004). Unfit to live. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 171(6), 619–620.
Martin, B. (2013). Euthanasia tactics: patterns of injustice and outrage. SpringerPlus, 2(1), 256.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2019). https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/disabled. Accessed May 13, 2019.
ORF (1974). Radio interview with Hans Asperger in which he mentions the protection by Hamburger from the GESTAPO (minutes 40.00–40.28). https://www.mediathek.at/atom/01782B10-0D9-00CD5-00000BEC-01772EE2. Accessed May 16, 2019.
Sheffer, E. (2018). Asperger’s Children: The Origins of Autism in Nazi Vienna. New York: WW Norton & Company.
Acknowledgments
Dr. Ruth Pauli (Vienna, Austria), and Barbara H. Weber Yoffee and Dr. Norman Yoffee (Santa Fe, New Mexico) kindly shared their thoughts about how to translate “Am ehestend käme der ‘Spiegelgrund’ in Frage.” Ernst Tatzer, MD (Hinterbrühl, Austria) offered helpful comments on an earlier draft of this reply. I am grateful to Maria Asperger Felder, MD (Zürich, Switzerland) for providing information about her family’s recollections regarding Franz Hamburger’s role in protecting her father (Hans Asperger) from the Gestapo. Franz Waldhauser, MD (Vienna, Austria) provided publications, documents, discussion, and feedback about the various topics considered in this reply, which I deeply appreciate. The opinions expressed in this reply are solely those of the author.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
DF conceived and wrote the article.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Falk, D. More on Asperger’s Career: A Reply to Czech. J Autism Dev Disord 49, 3877–3882 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04099-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04099-6