Skip to main content
Log in

More on Asperger’s Career: A Reply to Czech

  • Response
  • Published:
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Czech’s claims that my paper abounds with mistranslations, misrepresentations, and factual errors are refuted point-by-point, as is his declaration that the paper contains no relevant or new evidence. Asperger’s statements that Franz Hamburger saved him from the Gestapo are reaffirmed and supported with a personal communication from Asperger’s daughter, Dr. Maria Asperger Felder. Czech’s criticism of anonymous peer reviewers and his call for retraction of my paper are, at best, unconstructive. In light of the current resurgence of authoritarian governments that promote xenophobic and racist ideology in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere, it is essential that details about the Nazi euthanasia program continue to be recalled and deliberated, as they are in this exchange. I stand by my paper.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Dr. Elga Wulfert, whose first language in German, kindly provided advice about my translation of Asperger’s 1938 article. I introduced the error when I did a last-minute check of the sentence in question after she had read and commented on the full translation.

  2. Dr. Asperger Felder accompanied her personal communication with a statement notarized on May 17, 2019, which provides details about the five children’s recollections.

  3. This endnote is mislabeled as 37 in Czech’s text.

References

  • Asperger, H. (1937). Das psychisch abnorme Kind. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 50, 1460–1461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asperger, H. (1942). “Jugendpsychiatrie”und “Heilpädagogik”. Munch Med Wochenschr, 89, 352–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asperger, H. (1944). ‘Autistic psychopathy’ in childhood. Translated and annotated by U. Frith (Ed.) in Autism and Asperger syndrome (1991), pp. 37–92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  • Asperger, H. (1957). Probleme der modernen Pädiatrie. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 69(31), 549–553.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asperger, H. (1962). “Ecce infans”, Zur Ganzheitsproblematik in der modernen Pädiatrie. Wien klin Wochenschr (Wiener Antrittsvorlesung), 74, 936–941.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asperger Felder, M. (2008). “Zum Sehen geboren, zum Schauen bestellt”. Hans Asperger (1906–1980: Leben und Werk). In R. Castell (Ed.), Hundert Jahre Kinder-und Jugendpsychiatrie: Biografien und Autobiografien (pp. 99–117). Göttingen: V&R unipress GmbH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron-Cohen, S. (2018). Hans Asperger’s Nazi collusion. Nature, 557, 305–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, Z. (2015). The administration of death: Karl Brandt, Philipp Bouhler, Viktor Brack, and Leonardo Conti. Western Illinois Historical Review, VII(Spring 2015), 59–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Czech, H. (2018). Hans Asperger, National Socialism, and “race hygiene” in Nazi-era Vienna. Molecular Autism, 9(1), 29.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Czech, H. (2019). Response to ‘Non-complicit: Revisiting Hans Asperger’s Career in Nazi-era Vienna’. Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03981-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Falk, D. (2019). Non-complicit: Revisiting Hans Asperger’s career in Nazi-era Vienna. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03981-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Häupl, W. (2006). Die ermordeten Kinder vom Spiegelgrund: Gedenkdokumentation für die Opfer der NS-Kindereuthanasie in Wien. Wien: Böhlau.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hepburn, M. A. (2014). Lives Worthy of Life and Remembrance: Memorialization of the National Socialist Aktion T4 Euthanasia Programme. University of Toronto.

  • Larson, K. C. (2015). Rosemary: The hidden Kennedy daughter. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

  • Martens, D. (2004). Unfit to live. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 171(6), 619–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, B. (2013). Euthanasia tactics: patterns of injustice and outrage. SpringerPlus, 2(1), 256.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2019). https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/disabled. Accessed May 13, 2019.

  • ORF (1974). Radio interview with Hans Asperger in which he mentions the protection by Hamburger from the GESTAPO (minutes 40.00–40.28). https://www.mediathek.at/atom/01782B10-0D9-00CD5-00000BEC-01772EE2. Accessed May 16, 2019.

  • Sheffer, E. (2018). Asperger’s Children: The Origins of Autism in Nazi Vienna. New York: WW Norton & Company.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Dr. Ruth Pauli (Vienna, Austria), and Barbara H. Weber Yoffee and Dr. Norman Yoffee (Santa Fe, New Mexico) kindly shared their thoughts about how to translate “Am ehestend käme der ‘Spiegelgrund’ in Frage.” Ernst Tatzer, MD (Hinterbrühl, Austria) offered helpful comments on an earlier draft of this reply. I am grateful to Maria Asperger Felder, MD (Zürich, Switzerland) for providing information about her family’s recollections regarding Franz Hamburger’s role in protecting her father (Hans Asperger) from the Gestapo. Franz Waldhauser, MD (Vienna, Austria) provided publications, documents, discussion, and feedback about the various topics considered in this reply, which I deeply appreciate. The opinions expressed in this reply are solely those of the author.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

DF conceived and wrote the article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dean Falk.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Falk, D. More on Asperger’s Career: A Reply to Czech. J Autism Dev Disord 49, 3877–3882 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04099-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04099-6

Keywords

Navigation