*Abelson, A. G. (1981). The development of gender identity in the autistic child. Child: Care, Health and Development, 7(6), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1981.tb00851.x.
Article
Google Scholar
*Akgul, G. Y., Ayaz, A. B., Yildirim, B., & Perdahli Fis, N. (2018). Autistic traits and executive functions in children and adolescents with gender dysphoria. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2018.1437489.
Article
Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Book
Google Scholar
Baio, J. (2012). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders: Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, United States, 2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries. Volume 61, Number 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D. L., Maenner, M. J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., et al. (2018). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years—Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 67(6), 1.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
*Barnett, J. P., & Maticka-Tyndale, E. (2015). Qualitative exploration of sexual experiences among adults on the autism spectrum: Implications for sex education. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 47(4), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1363/47e5715.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Bejerot, S., & Eriksson, J. M. (2014). Sexuality and gender role in autism spectrum disorder: A case control study. PLoS ONE, 9(1), e87961. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087961.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bejerot, S., Humble, M. B., & Gardner, A. (2011). Endocrine disruptors, the increase of autism spectrum disorder and its comorbidity with gender identity disorder–a hypothetical association. International Journal of Andrology, 34(5), e350.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bennett, M., & Goodall, E. (2016). Towards an agenda for research for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and/or intersexed people with an Autism Spectrum Diagnosis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(9), 3190–3192.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Byers, E. S., Nichols, S., & Voyer, S. D. (2013). Challenging stereotypes: Sexual functioning of single adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(11), 2617–2627.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Dammasch, F. (2014). A teenager sits still, who would rather be Asperger-autistic than a girl: A clinical relationship report. Analytische Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, 45(163), 353–372.
Google Scholar
*De Vries, A. L. C., Noens, I. L. J., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Van Berckelaer-Onnes, I. A., & Doreleijers, T. A. (2010). Autism spectrum disorders in gender dysphoric children and adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(8), 930–936. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0935-9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
*Dewinter, J., De Graaf, H., & Begeer, S. (2017). Sexual orientation, gender identity, and romantic relationships in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(9), 2927–2934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3199-9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
*Di Ceglie, D., Skagerberg, E., Baron-Cohen, S., & Auyeung, B. (2014). Empathising and systemising in adolescents with gender dysphoria. Opticon1826. https://doi.org/10.5334/opt.bo.
Article
Google Scholar
*Fisher, A. D., Castellini, G., Casale, H., Fanni, E., Bandini, E., Campone, B., … Maggi, M. (2015). Hypersexuality, paraphilic behaviors, and gender dysphoria in individuals with Klinefelter’s syndrome. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(12), 2413–2424. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.13048.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Fleta Zaragozano, J., Zapata Usabel, M., Ma, L. M., J., & Olivares Lopez, J. L. (2005). Asperger syndrome associated with acrosomia and sexual identity disorder. [Spanish]. [Sindrome de Asperger asociado a macrosomia y trastorno de identidad sexual.]. Anales de Pediatria, 63(4), 366–368. https://doi.org/10.1157/13079820.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Gallucci, G., Hackerman, F., & Schmidt, C. W. (2005). Gender identity disorder in an adult male with Asperger’s syndrome. Sexuality and Disability, 23(1), 35–40.
Article
Google Scholar
*George, R., & Stokes, M. A. (2017). Gender identity and sexual orientation in autism spectrum disorder. Autism. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714587.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*George, R., & Stokes, M. A. (2018). A quantitative analysis of mental health among sexual and gender minority groups in ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3469-1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Gilmour, L., Schalomon, P. M., & Smith, V. (2012). Sexuality in a community based sample of adults with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 313–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.06.003.
Article
Google Scholar
Glidden, D., Bouman, W. P., Jones, B. A., & Arcelus, J. (2016). Gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 4(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2015.10.003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Heylens, G., Aspeslagh, L., Dierickx, J., Baetens, K., van Hoorde, B., de Cuypere, G., & Elaut, E. (2018). The co-occurrence of gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder in adults: An analysis of cross-sectional and clinical chart data. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3480-6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Jacobs, L. A., Rachlin, K., Erickson-Schroth, L., & Janssen, A. (2014). Gender dysphoria and co-occurring autism spectrum disorders: Review, case examples, and treatment considerations. LGBT Health, 1(4), 277–282. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2013.0045.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Janssen, A., Huang, H., & Duncan, C. (2016). Gender variance among youth with autism spectrum disorders: A retrospective chart review. Transgender Health, 1(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2015.0007.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
*Jones, R. M., Wheelwright, S., Farrell, K., Martin, E., Green, R., Di Ceglie, D., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2011). Brief report: Female-to-male transsexual people and autistic traits. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1227-8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Kaltiala-Heino, R., Sumia, M., Tyolajarvi, M., & Lindberg, N. (2015). Two years of gender identity service for minors: Overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in adolescent development. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0042-y.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
*Kanbayashi, Y. (1997). Gender identity disorder of a boy with autistic disorder. Journal of Mental Health, 43, 41–46.
Google Scholar
*Kobayashi, R. (1991). Psychosexual development of autistic children in adolescence. Japanese Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(3), 1–14.
Google Scholar
*Kraemer, B., Delsignore, A., Gundelfinger, R., Schnyder, U., & Hepp, U. (2005). Comorbidity of Asperger syndrome and gender identity disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 14(5), 292–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-005-0469-4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Kristensen, Z. E., & Broome, M. R. (2015). Autistic traits in an Internet sample of gender variant UK adults. International Journal of Transgenderism, 16(4), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2015.1094436.
Article
Google Scholar
*Kuvalanka, K. A., Mahan, D. J., McGuire, J. K., & Hoffman, T. K. (2017). Perspectives of mothers of transgender and gender-nonconforming children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Homosexuality. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1406221.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Landen, M., & Rasmussen, P. (1997). Gender identity disorder in a girl with autism—A case report. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 6(3), 170–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007870050026.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Lemaire, M., Thomazeau, B., & Bonnet-Brilhault, F. (2014). Gender identity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in a 23-year-old female. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(2), 395–398.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*May, T., Pang, K., & Williams, K. J. (2017). Gender variance in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder from the National Database for Autism Research. International Journal of Transgenderism, 18(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1241976.
Article
Google Scholar
*Mukaddes, N. M. (2002). Gender identity problems in autistic children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 28(6), 529–532. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2002.00301.x.
Article
Google Scholar
*Nahata, L., Quinn, G. P., Caltabellotta, N. M., & Tishelman, A. C. (2017). Mental health concerns and insurance denials among transgender adolescents. LGBT Health, 4(3), 188–193. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0151.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Parkinson, J. (2014). Gender dysphoria in Asperger’s syndrome: A caution. Australasian Psychiatry, 22(1), 84–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856213497814.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Pasterski, V., Gilligan, L., & Curtis, R. (2014). Traits of autism spectrum disorders in adults with gender dysphoria. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(2), 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-013-0154-5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Perera, H., Gadambanathan, T., & Weerasiri, S. (2003). Gender identity disorder presenting in a girl with Asperger’s disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. The Ceylon Medical Journal, 48(2), 57–58.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Shumer, D. E., Reisner, S. L., Edwards-Leeper, L., & Tishelman, A. (2016). Evaluation of Asperger syndrome in youth presenting to a gender dysphoria clinic. LGBT Health, 3(5), 387–390. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2015.0070.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
*Shumer, D. E., Roberts, A. L., Reisner, S. L., Lyall, K., & Austin, S. B. (2015). Brief report: Autistic traits in mothers and children associated with child’s gender nonconformity. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(5), 1489–1494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2292-6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
*Skagerberg, E., Di Ceglie, D., & Carmichael, P. (2015). Brief report: Autistic features in children and adolescents with gender dysphoria. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(8), 2628–2632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2413-x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Strang, J. F., Jarin, J., Call, D., Clark, B., Wallace, G. L., Anthony, L. G., … Gomez-Lobo, V. (2017). Transgender youth fertility attitudes questionnaire: Measure development in nonautistic and autistic transgender youth and their parents. Journal of Adolescent Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.07.022.
Article
Google Scholar
*Strang, J. F., Kenworthy, L., Dominska, A., Sokoloff, J., Kenealy, L. E., Berl, M., … Wallace, G. L. (2014). Increased gender variance in autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(8), 1525–1533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0285-3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Tateno, M., Ikeda, H., & Saito, T. (2011). [Gender dysphoria in pervasive developmental disorders]. [Japanese]. Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica, 113(12), 1173–1183.
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Tateno, M., Tateno, Y., & Saito, T. (2008). Comorbid childhood gender identity disorder in a boy with Asperger syndrome. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 62(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01761.x.
Article
Google Scholar
*Tateno, M., Teo, A. R., & Tateno, Y. (2015). Eleven-year follow up of boy with Asperger’s syndrome and comorbid gender identity disorder of childhood. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 69(10), 658. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12328.
Article
Google Scholar
*Tissot, C. (2009). Establishing a sexual identity. Case studies of learners with autism and learning difficulties. Autism, 13(6), 551–566.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Turban, J. L., & van Schalkwyk, G. I. (2018). “Gender dysphoria” and autism spectrum disorder: Is the link real? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 57(1), 8–9.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.08.017.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Van Der Miesen, A. I., Hurley, H., & De Vries, A. L. (2016). Gender dysphoria and autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1111199.
Article
Google Scholar
*van der Miesen, A. I. R., de Vries, A. L. C., Steensma, T. D., & Hartman, C. A. (2017). Autistic symptoms in children and adolescents with gender dysphoria. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3417-5.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
van Schalkwyk, G. I., Klingensmith, K., & Volkmar, F. R. (2015). Gender identity and autism spectrum disorders. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 88(1), 81–83.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
*VanderLaan, D. P., Leef, J. H., Wood, H., Hughes, S. K., & Zucker, K. J. (2015a). Autism spectrum disorder risk factors and autistic traits in gender dysphoric children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1742–1750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2331-3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*VanderLaan, D. P., Postema, L., Wood, H., Singh, D., Fantus, S., Hyun, J., … Zucker, K. J. (2015b). Do children with gender dysphoria have intense/obsessional interests? Journal of Sex Research, 52(2), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2013.860073.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
*Williams, P. G., Allard, A., & Sears, L. (1996). Case study: Cross-gender preoccupations in two male children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(6), 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02172352.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Google Scholar
World Health Organisation. (2018). International classification of diseases 11th revision. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
Google Scholar
Zucker, K. J. (2017). Epidemiology of gender dysphoria and transgender identity. Sexual Health, 14(5), 404–411. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH17067.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zucker, K. J., & Lawrence, A. A. (2009). Epidemiology of gender identity disorder: Recommendations for the standards of care of The World Professional Association for Transgender Health. International Journal of Transgenderism, 11(1), 8–18.
Article
Google Scholar
*Zucker, K. J., Nabbijohn, A. N., Santarossa, A., Wood, H., Bradley, S. J., Matthews, J., & VanderLaan, D. P. (2017). Intense/obsessional interests in children with gender dysphoria: A cross-validation study using the Teacher’s Report Form. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 11(1), 51.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar