Abstract
By age 18, 22-27% of adolescents have experienced depressive symptoms increasing their risk of peripheral mental health and social issues. Despite the development of effective depression prevention programs, issues related to dissemination persist. This study aims to identify ways of increasing the likelihood of dissemination by a) investigating how prevention effects differ based on the professional background of the prevention program group leader and b) evaluating adolescent depression prevention in terms of comprehensive prevention – prevention with the breadth to reduce peripheral mental health and social issues. This cluster-randomized trial included 646 eighth-grade students recruited from German secondary schools. Adolescents were randomized into three conditions: teacher-led prevention, psychologist-led prevention, or school-as-usual. Results from hierarchical linear models reveal differences in effects based on implementation type and adolescent gender and provide preliminary evidence for a wider reach of depression prevention such that, regardless of implementation type or gender, the tested program was effective in reducing hyperactivity over time. Taken together, our findings warrant further research and suggest that depression prevention programs may have an effect on some peripheral outcomes, but not others, and that these effects may differ based on the profession of the group leader and adolescent gender. With continued empirical research investigating the efficaciousness of comprehensive prevention, this type of prevention has the potential to impact a larger proportion of the population and improve the cost-benefit ratio of prevention, thus increasing the likelihood of dissemination.
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Data Availability
All data, analysis code, and research materials for this study are available by emailing the corresponding author.
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All authors have reviewed this manuscript and contributed in a meaningful way. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Patrick Pössel and Martin Hautzinger. The analysis were performed by Hayley D. Seely and Jeremy Gaskins. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Hayley D. Seely and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Seely, H.D., Gaskins, J., Pössel, P. et al. Comprehensive Prevention: An Evaluation of Peripheral Outcomes of a School-based Prevention Program. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 51, 921–936 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01043-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01043-2