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Adolescent Psychopathic Traits Negatively Relate to Hemodynamic Activity within the Basal Ganglia during Error-Related Processing

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Abstract

Youth with elevated psychopathic traits exhibit a number of comparable neurocognitive deficits as adult psychopathic offenders, including error-related processing deficits. Subregions of the basal ganglia play an important, though indirect, role in error-related processing through connections with cortical areas including the anterior cingulate cortex. A number of recent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (s/fMRI) studies have associated basal ganglia dysfunction in youth with elevated psychopathic traits, but these studies have not examined whether dysfunction occurring within subregions of the basal ganglia help contribute to error-related processing deficits previously observed in such at-risk youth. Here, we investigated error-related processing using a response inhibition Go/NoGo fMRI experimental paradigm in a large sample of incarcerated male adolescent offenders (n = 182). In the current report, psychopathy scores (measured via the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV)) were negatively related to hemodynamic activity within input nuclei of the basal ganglia (i.e., the caudate and nucleus accumbens), as well as intrinsic/output nuclei (i.e., the globus pallidus and substantia nigra) and related nuclei (i.e., the subthalamic nucleus) during error-related processing. This is the first evidence to suggest that error-related dysfunction previously observed in youth with elevated psychopathic traits may be related to underlying abnormalities occurring within subregions of the basal ganglia.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant R01 MH071896 (PI: Kiehl), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grant R01 HD082257 (PI: Kiehl), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) K01 DA026502 (PI: Vincent), and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) P20 GM103472 (PI: Calhoun). JMM is supported by NIDA through grant number F31 DA043328. VRS is supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIDA, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland. We are grateful to the staff and clients (and parents) at the Youth Diagnostic and Development Center and the New Mexico Children, Youth, and Families Department for their support and assistance in making this research possible. The authors thank Prashanth Nyalakanti for his assistance in data analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    J. Michael Maurer & Kent A. Kiehl

  2. The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA

    J. Michael Maurer, Vince D. Calhoun & Kent A. Kiehl

  3. Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Vaughn R. Steele

  4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    Gina M. Vincent

  5. Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Vikram Rao

  6. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Vince D. Calhoun

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Maurer, J.M., Steele, V.R., Vincent, G.M. et al. Adolescent Psychopathic Traits Negatively Relate to Hemodynamic Activity within the Basal Ganglia during Error-Related Processing. J Abnorm Child Psychol 47, 1917–1929 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00560-3

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