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Emotion Regulation Mediates the Relationship between ADHD and Depressive Symptoms in Youth

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Abstract

A significant literature suggests that youth diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for later depression relative to youth without ADHD. Youth with co-occurring ADHD and depression experience more serious impairments and worse developmental outcomes than those with either disorder alone, including increased rates of suicidal ideation and suicide completion. Despite these very serious outcomes, few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying the relationship between ADHD and depression in youth. The present study examined emotion regulation (ER) as a mediator of the relationship between ADHD and depressive symptoms in 69 youth between the ages of 10 and 14, with (n = 37) and without (n = 32) ADHD. Parent and youth ratings of depressive symptoms and ER were collected. Youth with ADHD reported significantly more depressive symptoms and poorer ER ability relative to youth without ADHD. ER fully mediated the relationship between ADHD and depressive symptoms. Limitations and clinical implications are discussed.

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Notes

  1. Two youth recruited for the control group were reported to have more than 3 symptoms of ADHD, but no impairment as rated by both parents and teachers. These youth were significantly different than the ADHD group in terms of total number of ADHD symptoms, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and parent and teacher ratings of impairment (all ps < 0.001). However, these two youth were not significantly different from the non-ADHD comparison group on these measures (all ps > 0.000); therefore, they were included in the non-ADHD comparison group.

  2. Since none of the covariates included in the original mediation model demonstrated a robust effect on the DV, covariates were not included in these follow-up analyses

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  1. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Karen E. Seymour, Andrea Chronis-Tuscano, Thorhildur Halldorsdottir, Brandi Stupica, Kristian Owens & Talia Sacks

  2. University of Maryland, College Park, 1123K Biology/Psychology Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

    Karen E. Seymour

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Seymour, K.E., Chronis-Tuscano, A., Halldorsdottir, T. et al. Emotion Regulation Mediates the Relationship between ADHD and Depressive Symptoms in Youth. J Abnorm Child Psychol 40, 595–606 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9593-4

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