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Bi-phasic BiPO4 prepared through template-assisted hydrothermal method with enhanced electrochemical response for hybrid supercapacitor applications

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Abstract

We report the structural evolution of BiPO4 prepared in aqueous under different synthesis conditions viz., templates and temperatures to explore their electrochemical performance for supercapacitor applications. The templates [(hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)] were added in bismuth precursor solution at 60 °C, alternatively ethylene glycol (EG), a less toxic additive was incorporated at 90 °C. BiPO4 exhibits a monoclinic phase, whereas a hexagonal structure was observed with the addition of the templates SDS and CTAB. Interestingly, both monoclinic and hexagonal phases were obtained by the addition of EG. The presence of mixed phase was thoroughly validated through Raman spectra, where vibrational modes for both monoclinic and hexagonal phases of BiPO4-EG were witnessed. The effect of template was clearly seen through electron microscopy with a rod-like morphology with (no template) and unfaceted (template). The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized materials was investigated, and it was found that the mixed structure of BiPO4-EG exhibited the highest specific capacity (167.15 C g−1) at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1, good capacitance retention at high current densities of up to 10 A g−1 and the lowest electrochemical series resistance (ESR) of 57 Ω.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão-FAPEMA (Universal 01102/18, Universal 01064/19, and Infra 02050/21) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico-CNPq (Grants #: 305757/2018-0, 312733/2021-6, and 305806/2020-3). The author would like to thank LABNANO-CBPF for providing the technical support during the electron microscopy work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Aerospace Engineering, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, CEP. 65085-580, Brazil

    Iara A. Monteles & Marcio A. P. Almeida

  2. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, CEP. 65085-580, Brazil

    Bruno V. Penha & Auro A. Tanaka

  3. Department of Chemistry (UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Appliquées), Université de Poitiers, 86000, Poitiers, France

    Weliton S. Fonseca

  4. Postgraduate Program in Materials Science, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, CEP. 65900-410, Brazil

    Letícia M. B. Silva

  5. Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil

    Evelyn C. S. Santos

  6. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69080-900, Brazil

    Luiz K. C. de Souza

  7. Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, CEP. 65085-580, Brazil

    C. C. Santos & A. S. de Menezes

  8. Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India

    Surender K. Sharma

  9. Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Yasir Javed

  10. Department of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-Daero, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, South Korea

    Muhammad R. Khawar

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  1. Iara A. Monteles
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Contributions

Iara Araujo Monteles: Synthesis of BiPO4 and investigation of the supercapacitive properties. Bruno Veras Penha: Impedance measurements. Weliton Silva Fonseca: review of electrochemical measurements. Leticia Maria Brito Silva: Impedance measurements. Evelyn. C. S Santos: SEM, EDS, TEM experiments and analysis. Luiz K. C. de Souza: Writing-review & editing of introduction. Clenilton Costa dos Santos: Writing - original draft of Raman measurements. Alan Silva de Menezes: Writing-review & editing of XRD data. Surender K. Sharma: Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Yasir Javed: Writing-review & editing of electrochemical measurements. Muhammad Ramzan Khawar: Writing-review & editing of electrochemical measurements. Auro Atsushi Tanaka: Writing-review & editing of electrochemical measurements. Marcio Aurelio Pinheiro Almeida: Conceptualization, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Project administration, Writing-review & editing.

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Correspondence to Surender K. Sharma, Yasir Javed or Marcio A. P. Almeida.

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Monteles, I.A., Penha, B.V., Fonseca, W.S. et al. Bi-phasic BiPO4 prepared through template-assisted hydrothermal method with enhanced electrochemical response for hybrid supercapacitor applications. J Appl Electrochem 53, 1609–1622 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-023-01876-1

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