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Electrochemical determination of carbendazim in grapes and their derivatives by an ionic liquid-modified carbon paste electrode

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Abstract

A novel electrochemical sensor containing an ionic liquid carbon paste electrode was synthesized to determine carbendazim in grape samples. The 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA) was used as a modifier in the paste for electrode fabrication (2-HEAA-CPE), conferring higher detectability of the analyte compared to the unmodified electrode. The electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry in which the carbon paste electrode containing 10% of 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA) was selected for the determination of carbendazim by Adsorptive Differential Pulse Stripping Voltammetry (AdDPSV). In optimal conditions for AdDPSV of carbendazim, the Dynamic Linear Response (DLR) of the method ranged from 0.009 to 0.476 µmol L−1, whereas the limits of detection and quantification were 1.69 nmol L−1 and 5.63 nmol L−1, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of the method produced relative standard deviations of 5.96% and 5.63%, respectively, and the recovery ranged from 89.0 to 100.6%, indicating the method can be successfully applied to determine CBZ in wine, grape mash, and grape juice. The synthesis of the electrode only takes a few steps and requires a simple pretreatment, making it a promising alternative to detecting pesticide residues in food samples.

Graphical abstract

The modified PIL electrode containing 2-hydroxy ethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA), which requires a fast and low-cost synthesis, showed good results for the determination of the carbendazim at small concentrations (nmol L-1) in industrialized wine, grape mash, and juice samples

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Brazilian development agencies CNPq and CAPES for their financial support, the Corrosion and Nanotechnology Laboratory—LCNT, the Sergipe Oil and Gas Competence Center—NUPEG/PETROBRAS/UFS, the Multiuser Chemistry Laboratory Center—CLQM, the Graduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ) of the Federal University of Sergipe for the infrastructure support, and to Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance—LabRMN, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, for supporting NMR analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Group of Nanomaterials and Electrochemical Sensors-SEnM, Graduate School of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil

    José Fernando de Macedo, Anderson A. C. Alves, Mércia V. S. Sant’Anna, Frederico G. C. Cunha & Eliana Midori Sussuchi

  2. Laboratory of Corrosion and Nanotechnologies-LCNT, Gas and Petroleum Competence Centre in Sergipe-NUPEG, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil

    José Fernando de Macedo, Anderson A. C. Alves, Mércia V. S. Sant’Anna, Frederico G. C. Cunha & Eliana Midori Sussuchi

  3. Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-LabRMN, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil

    Gerlon de A. R. Oliveira & Luciano M. Lião

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  1. José Fernando de Macedo
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  2. Anderson A. C. Alves
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Contributions

JFM: Conceptualization, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing—original draft, and Methodology. AACA: Writing—original draft and Methodology. MVSS: Conceptualization, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft and Methodology. FGCC: Conceptualization, Resources, Visualization, Writing—review & editing, and Project administration and revision. GARO: Structural characterization by NMR and revision. LML: Structural characterization by NMR and revision. EMS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Resources, Visualization, Funding acquisition, Writing—review & editing, and Project administration and revision.

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Correspondence to Eliana Midori Sussuchi.

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Supplementary Information

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10800_2021_1665_MOESM1_ESM.docx

All the information related to the distribution of carbendazim species at different pH and the effect of organic and inorganic on the analytical signal of CBZ at low concentrations, as well as the relative standard deviations of the electrode are shown in the supplementary information section. Supplementary file1 (DOCX 475 kb)

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de Macedo, J.F., Alves, A.A.C., Sant’Anna, M.V.S. et al. Electrochemical determination of carbendazim in grapes and their derivatives by an ionic liquid-modified carbon paste electrode. J Appl Electrochem 52, 729–742 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-021-01665-8

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