Abstract
Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was used to fabricate a new ionic liquid/carbon paste electrode (IL/CPE). The general behavior of this electrode was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the IL plays an important role in improving the conductivity, reversibility, and electron transfer rate of the electrode. Nickel-modified ionic liquid/carbon paste electrode (Ni/IL/CPE) was also constructed by immersion of the IL/CPE in 1.0 M nickel sulfate solution. IL showed significant effect on the accumulation of nickel species on the surface of the electrode. The Ni/IL/CPE was applied successfully to highly efficient (current density of 16.5 mA cm−2) electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in alkaline medium. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques indicated that this electrode displays a considerable electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of formaldehyde. The effects of different scan rates and formaldehyde concentrations on the electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode were investigated. Finally, the rate constant for chemical reaction between formaldehyde and redox sites of the electrode was calculated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson JL, Armstrong DW, Wei GT (2006) Anal Chem 2892:78
Buzzeo MC, Evans RG, Compton RG (2004) Chem Phys Chem 1106:5
Welton T (1999) Chem Rev 2071:99
Maciej G, Andrzej L, Izabela S (2006) Electrochim Acta 5567:51
Rika H, Yasuhiko I (2000) J Fluorine Chem 221:105
Nishi N, Imakura S, Kakiuchi T (2006) Anal Chem 2726:78
Sun W, Li Y, Duan Y, Jiao K (2009) Electrochim Acta 4105:54
Lang CM, Kim K, Guerra L, Kohl PA (2005) J Phys Chem B 19454:109
Brooks CA, Doherty AP (2004) Electrochem Commun 867:6
Maleki N, Safavi A, Tajabadi F (2006) Anal Chem 3820:78
Liu HT, He P, Li ZY, Sun CY, Shi LH, Liu Y, Zhu GY, Li JH (2005) Electrochem Commun 1357:7
Zanoni MVB, Rogers EI, Hardacre C, Compton RG (2010) Anal Chim Acta 115:659
Safavi A, Maleki N, Farjami F, Farjami E (2009) J Electroanal Chem 75:626
Iwasita T (2002) Electrochim Acta 3663:47
Park S, Xie Y, Weaver MJ (2002) Langmuir 5792:18
Gao GY, Guo DJ, Li HL (2006) J Power Sources 1094:162
Nagashree KL, Raviraj NH, Ahmed MF (2010) Electrochim Acta 2629:55
Kim J, Jung C, Rhee CK, Lim TH (2007) Langmuir 10831:23
Jiang Ch, Chen H, Yu Ch, Zhang S, Liu B, Kong J (2009) Electrochim Acta 1134:54
Villullas HM, Mattos-Costa FI, Nascente PAP, Bulhoes LOS (2004) Electrochim Acta 3909:49
Nakabayashi S, Sugiyama N, Yagi I, Uosaki K (1996) Chem Phys 269:205
Peng J, Wang S (2007) Appl Catal B: Environ 282:73
Ciszewski A, Milczarek G (1999) J Electroanal Chem 18:469
Lima RB, Massafera MP, Batista EA, Iwasita T (2007) J Electroanal Chem 142:603
Song C, Khanfar M, Pickup PG (2006) J Appl Electrochem 339:36
Sun W, Sun G, Qin B, Xin Q (2007) Sens Actuators B Chem 193:128
Strbac S, Avramov Ivic M (2009) Electrochim Acta 5408:54
Ojani R, Raoof JB, Hosseini SR (2009) J Solid State Electrochem 1605:13
Raoof JB, Ojani R, Monfared F (2009) J Electroanal Chem 153:633
Katz E, Willner I (2003) Electroanalysis 913:15
Ojani R, Raoof JB, Hosseini SR (2008) Electrochim Acta 2402:53
Hahn F, Beden B, Croissant MG, Lamy C (1986) Electrochim Acta 335:3
Desilvestro J, Corrigan DA, Weaver MJ (1988) J Electrochem Soc 885:4
Shafei AA (1999) J Electroanal Chem 89:2
Danaee I, Jafarian M, Forouzandeh F, Gobal F, Mahjani MG (2008) J Hydrogen Energy 4367:33
Kunugi Y, Ono Y, Nonaka T (1992) J Electroanal Chem 325:333
Koper MTM, Hachkar M, Beden B (1996) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 3975:92
Pariente F, Lorenzo E, Tobalina F, Abruna HD (1995) Anal Chem 3936:67
Selvaraj V, Grace AN, Alagar M (2009) J Colloid Interface Sci 254:333
Habibi B, Delnavaz N (2010) J Hydrogen Energy 8831:35
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ojani, R., Raoof, JB. & Safshekan, S. Electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde on nickel modified ionic liquid carbon paste electrode as a simple and efficient electrode. J Appl Electrochem 42, 81–87 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0374-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0374-0