Abstract
Purpose
To develop an Arabic version of OSDI for the Gazan population.
Methods
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a convenience sample technique. The translation procedure included five stages: forward translation, revision of translation, backward translation, refinement of translation, and a final test of the pre-final version. The final sets of questionnaires were constructed using an online JotForm platform. The online platform was chosen to automatically calculate the questionnaire’s final overall score. Overall, 260 participants were instructed to fill out the English and the Arab-OSDI version twice to conduct the reliability of the translated version and repeatability evaluation.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 33.45 ± 11.74 years old. Cronbach’s alpha for all items was greater than 0.80, except for the “blurred vision” and “deteriorating vision” items (0.77 and 0.74, respectively). The mean overall score difference between the English-OSDI and Arab-OSDI was 0.86 based on the Bland–Altman chart. For repeatability, no significant difference in the overall scores between the two repeats of the Arab-OSDI (p = 0.632). The Arab-OSDI overall score (sessions 1 and 2) has a clinical difference (bias) of 0.21. Using the varimax rotation method, only three factors (ocular symptoms, vision-related function, and environmental triggers) had eigenvalues greater than one in the structure of the Arab-OSDI.
Conclusion
The Arab-OSDI is an appropriate, reliable, and repeatable tool for the determination of dry eye symptoms, ocular discomfort, and quality of life in the Gazan population. This version could remove the language barrier in answering OSDI items more easily.
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Acknowledgements
The researchers would like to specially thank all the Gazan participants who agreed to fill out the consent, original, and translated Arab-OSDI online.
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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by MA. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MA and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Ethical standard
This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Palestinian Health Research Council Helsinki committee (PHRC/HC/883/21, dated April 05, 2021).
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Aljarousha, M., Badarudin, N.E., Che Azemin, M.Z. et al. The validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire in a sample of the Gazan population: a study from Palestine. Int Ophthalmol 43, 1303–1316 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02528-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02528-7