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Case–control study of corneal topography and specular microscopy parameters in JIA patients with and without ocular involvement

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Abstract

Purpose

To assess corneal topography and specular microscopy values in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related uveitis (JIA-U).

Methods

This case–control study included 30 eyes from JIA-U patients, 20 eyes from JIA patients, and 50 eyes from age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Patients with a history of ocular diseases or intraocular surgery were excluded. Corneal topography maps (Pentacam HR) and specular microscopy images (CellChek SL) were obtained. The measurements of the groups were compared.

Results

Keratometric astigmatism was higher in the JIA-U group than in the control group (p = 0.040). Patients with astigmatism greater than 1.50D were more common in the JIA-U group than in the control group (p = 0.026). The JIA-U group had higher anterior and posterior elevation values than the control group (p = 0.006, p = 0.025). The density of endothelial cells, coefficient of variation, and hexagonality did not change across groups (p = 0.465, p = 0.096, p = 0.869). The total number of exacerbations and the duration of anterior chamber inflammation were both positively correlated with posterior elevation (r = 0.600, p 0.001; r = 0.583, p 0.001). The age of diagnosis was found to be negatively correlated with anterior elevation (r = −0.412, p = 0.021).

Conclusion

Corneal astigmatism, as well as anterior and posterior elevation values, were all higher in JIA-U patients. Endothelial cell density and morphology, on the other hand, did not differ significantly between groups. Chronic inflammation's impact on stromal remodelling could explain these corneal alterations. The positive correlation between posterior elevation and the number of flares and duration of inflammation represents the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment.

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Data availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Kocamustafapasa St, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey

    Aslıhan Yılmaz Çebi & Didar Uçar

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Ayancık State Hospital, Sinop, Turkey

    Oğuzhan Kılıçarslan

  3. Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

    Özgür Kasapçopur

Authors
  1. Aslıhan Yılmaz Çebi
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  2. Oğuzhan Kılıçarslan
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  3. Özgür Kasapçopur
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  4. Didar Uçar
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by AYÇ and OK. The first draft of the manuscript was written by AYÇ and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. The manuscript was critically revised by ÖK and DU. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Didar Uçar.

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Conflict of ınterests

Aslıhan Yılmaz Çebi, Oğuzhan Kılıçarslan and Didar Uçar declare that they have no conflict of interest or financial conflicts to disclose.

Ethical approval

Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty (Approval date – number: 4-March-2020—37,615). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Informed consent

All children were informed about the procedures and written informed consents were obtained from their legal guardians to participate and be published.

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Yılmaz Çebi, A., Kılıçarslan, O., Kasapçopur, Ö. et al. Case–control study of corneal topography and specular microscopy parameters in JIA patients with and without ocular involvement. Int Ophthalmol 43, 635–641 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02467-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02467-3

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