Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The analysis of the glaucoma screening event results obtained during the World Glaucoma Week in Zagreb, Croatia

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To report the prevalence of undiagnosed glaucoma, as well as demographic characteristics and risk factors among glaucoma suspects who were detected in a publicly promoted intraocular pressure (IOP) based glaucoma screening event.

Methods

A total of 2468 subjects older than 18 years participated in the glaucoma screening event in Zagreb, in 2014, which included a medical interview and IOP measurement using Icare tonometer. 256 subjects (10.37%) were identified as glaucoma suspects, out of which 125 (5.06%) subjects underwent further detailed ophthalmic examination and were classified into five diagnostic groups.

Results

The prevalence of all types of newly diagnosed glaucoma was 1.175%, while the prevalence of ocular hypertension (OH), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle closure (PAC) and secondary glaucoma (SG) was 0.16%, 0.89%, 0.16% and 0.12%, respectively. The prevalence of newly diagnosed glaucoma in glaucoma suspects was 23.2%. 17.60% of glaucoma suspects were diagnosed as POAG. Older age was statistically significantly associated with POAG (p = 0.001) and PAC (p = 0.029). At the univariate level, refractive errors were a statistically significant predictor of POAG, and those with hyperopia had more than three times larger odds for POAG. At the multivariate level, none of the predictors reached statistical significance.

Conclusion

Successful cooperation between healthcare institutions and media can be a useful way of increasing awareness and detection of individuals at an increased risk for developing glaucoma.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tham YC, Li X, Wong TY, Quigley HA, Aung T, Cheng CY (2014) Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 121:2081–2090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.05.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Sakata K, Sakata LM, Sakata VM, Santini C, Hopker LM, Bernardes R et al (2007) Prevalence of glaucoma in a South Brazilian population: Projeto glaucoma. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:4974–4979. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-0342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Quigley H, Broman AT (2006) The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol 90:262–267. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2005.081224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Zgaga L, Hayward C, Vatavuk Z, Bencic G, Zemunik T, Valkovic A et al (2008) High prevalence of glaucoma in Veli Brgud, Croatia, is caused by a dominantly inherited T377M mutation in the MYOC gene. Br J Ophthalmol 92:1567–1568. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2008.143552

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Khawaja AP, Springelkamp H, Creuzot-Garcher C, Delcourt C, Hofman A, Höhn R et al (2016) Associations with intraocular pressure across Europe: The European Eye Epidemiology (E 3) Consortium On behalf of the European Eye Epidemiology (E 3) Consortium. Eur J Epidemiol 31:1101–1111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0191-1

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Aspberg J, Heijl A, Bengtsson B (2021) Screening for open-angle glaucoma and its effect on blindness. Am J Ophthalmol 228:106–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.030

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Pikkel YY, Epstein I, Nov-Sharabi A, Beiran I, Pikkel J (2015) Summary of eight years “Glaucoma Day” screening. Public Health 129:152–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2014.12.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Leske MC (1983) The epidemiology of open-angle glaucoma: a review. Am J Epidemiol 118:166–191. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113626

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Foster PJ, Buhrmann R, Quigley HA, Johnson GJ (2002) The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys. Br J Ophthalmol 86:238–242. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.86.2.238

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Andermann A, Blancquaert I, Beauchamp S, Déry V (2008) Revisiting Wilson and Jungner in the genomic age: a review of screening criteria over the past 40 years. Bull World Health Organ 86:317–319. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.07.050112

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Scuderi GL, Cascone NC, Regine F, Perdicchi A, Cerulli A, Recupero SM (2011) Validity and limits of the rebound tonometer (ICare®): clinical study. Eur J Ophthalmol 21:251–257. https://doi.org/10.5301/EJO.2010.3712

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fernandes P, Díaz-Rey JA, Queirós A, Gonzalez-Meijome JM, Jorge J (2005) Comparison of the ICare® rebound tonometer with the Goldmann tonometer in a normal population. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 25:436–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00327.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen M, Zhang L, Xu J, Chen X, Gu Y, Ren Y et al (2019) Comparability of three intraocular pressure measurement: iCare pro rebound, non-contact and Goldmann applanation tonometry in different IOP group. BMC Ophthalmol 19:225. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-019-1236-5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Moyer VA (2013) Summaries for patients. Screening for glaucoma: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 159:484–489. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00685

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mundorf TK, Zimmerman TJ, Nardin GF, Kendall KS (1989) Automated perimetry, tonometry, and questionnaire in glaucoma screening. Am J Ophthalmol 108:505–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(89)90425-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sommer A, Tielsch JM, Katz J, Quigley HA, Gottsch JD, Javitt J et al (1991) Relationship between intraocular pressure and primary open angle glaucoma among White and Black Americans: the Baltimore Eye Survey. Arch Ophthalmol 109:1090–1095. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1991.01080080050026

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Stein JD, Kim DS, Niziol LM, Talwar N, Nan B, Musch DC et al (2011) Differences in rates of glaucoma among Asian Americans and other racial groups, and among various Asian ethnic groups. Ophthalmology 118:1031–1037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.10.024

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Friedman DS (2004) Prevalence of open-angle glaucoma among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 122:532–538. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.122.4.532

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Zegers RHC, Reinders EF, de Smet MD (2008) Primary open-angle glaucoma: the importance of family history and role of intraocular pressure. Med J Aust 188:312–313. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01630.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Tielsch JM, Katz J, Sommer A, Quigley HA, Javitt JC (1994) Family history and risk of primary open angle glaucoma: the Baltimore Eye Survey. Arch Ophthalmol 112:69–73. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1994.01090130079022

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Marcus MW, de Vries MM, Junoy Montolio FG, Jansonius NM (2011) Myopia as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 118:1989-1994.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhao D, Cho J, Kim MH, Guallar E (2014) The association of blood pressure and primary open-angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 158:615-627.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2014.05.029

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhao D, Cho J, Kim MH, Friedman DS, Guallar E (2015) Diabetes, fasting glucose, and the risk of glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 122:72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.051

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The campaign was conducted by volunteers: ophthalmologists, low vision therapists, medical nurses and Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation sciences students.

Funding

This campaign was under the auspices of the City of Zagreb Mayor.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Vinogradska 29, Zagreb, Croatia

    Mia Zorić Geber, Kristina Lončarić, Jelena Škunca Herman, Iva Krolo, Rašeljka Tadić, Marin Belak, Ana Koluder, Željko Kaurić, Lana Knežević, Katia Novak-Lauš & Zoran Vatavuk

  2. Optical Express Group, Strojarska cesta 18, Zagreb, Croatia

    Iva Krolo

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Koprivnica, Ul. doktora Željka Selingera bb, Koprivnica, Croatia

    Ana Koluder

  4. Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, Borongajska cesta 83f, Zagreb, Croatia

    Tina Runjić

Authors
  1. Mia Zorić Geber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kristina Lončarić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jelena Škunca Herman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Iva Krolo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rašeljka Tadić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Marin Belak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ana Koluder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Željko Kaurić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Lana Knežević
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Katia Novak-Lauš
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Tina Runjić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Zoran Vatavuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mia Zorić Geber.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Ethical approval

The research was approved by the Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Ethical Committee and performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects gave informed consent.

Consent to participate

Consent to participate was obtained from the participants.

Consent to publish

Consent to publish was obtained from the participants.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zorić Geber, M., Lončarić, K., Škunca Herman, J. et al. The analysis of the glaucoma screening event results obtained during the World Glaucoma Week in Zagreb, Croatia. Int Ophthalmol 42, 3129–3136 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02312-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02312-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation