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The study of simultaneous bilateral ocular trauma in Northern India: clinical presentation, epidemiology and patterns of injury

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Abstract

Purpose

This study is aimed to determine the frequency, sociodemographic profile, clinical presentation, patterns of injury, treatment and outcomes of cases of simultaneous bilateral ocular trauma treated in a teaching hospital of Northern India.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted from May 2015 to April 2019. The medical records of patients presenting with bilateral ocular injuries were reviewed.

Results

Among the 402 patients presenting with ocular injuries, 34 (8.5%) had simultaneous bilateral ocular trauma. The majority were male (70.6%), and the mean age was 26.82 ± 15.86 years (range: 2–70 years). The most frequently affected age group has been 16–25 years (35.3%). Most injuries occurred away from home (64.7%), mainly on roads (32.4%) or playgrounds (14.7%), and the vast majority (91.2%) were non-occupational in nature. Mechanical injuries were most frequent (47.1%), followed by cracker (17.7%), chemical (17.7%) and thermal (11.8%) injuries. Most cases occurred due to assault (26.5%), road traffic injury (20.6%) or sports/recreational activities (17.7%). The majority of victims were not using protective devices at the time of injury (82.4%) and had associated polytrauma (58.8%). Closed and open globe injuries accounted for 29.4% and 14.7% of cases, respectively, mostly involving zones I (55.0%) and II (40.0%). Orbital fractures occurred in 27.9% of eyes. Category I and II ocular trauma scores were noted in 5.9% and 7.4% of eyes, respectively. Overall, 13.2% were blinded as a result of the trauma.

Conclusion

Simultaneous bilateral ocular trauma is rare and occurs mostly following road traffic accidents, assault or recreational activities. In particular, young-adult males are more prone to bilateral ocular injuries, the majority of which are severe and associated with poor outcomes. The study also highlights that poor initial visual acuity, multiple ocular structure involvement, large open globe injury, presence of intraocular hemorrhage, posterior segment injury, multiple orbital fractures and lower OTS were the poor prognostic factors.

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Data availability

The clinical data of patient available can be provided on demand.

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Funding

No funding was received for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, SS Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India

    Rajendra Prakash Maurya, Virendra Pratap Singh, Sanjay Kumar Bosak, Meghna Roy & Brijesh Kumar Kushwaha

  2. Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib Eye Hospital and Training Institute, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh

    Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir

  3. The Retina Center, An Advance Eye Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Jayant Kumar Das

  4. Mahamaya Rajkiya Allopathic Medical College, Ambedkar Nagar, UP, India

    Manish Kumar Prajapat

  5. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Anil Kumar

  6. Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkoudh, P.O. Box 35, 123, Muscat, Oman

    Abdullah Al-Mujaini

Authors
  1. Rajendra Prakash Maurya
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  2. Virendra Pratap Singh
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  3. Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir
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  4. Jayant Kumar Das
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  5. Sanjay Kumar Bosak
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  7. Meghna Roy
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  8. Brijesh Kumar Kushwaha
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  9. Anil Kumar
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  10. Abdullah Al-Mujaini
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Contributions

RPM and VPS designed the study; BKK, SB, MP and MR procured the samples and performed the experiments; AK designed and performed the statistical analyses; JKD and AM provided critical input; RPM and MK interpreted the results; SB, BKK and MR wrote the first draft of the manuscript with inputs from all authors; JKD, MK and AM critically appraised the manuscript; and all authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript prior to submission.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Rajendra Prakash Maurya or Abdullah Al-Mujaini.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by “Ethical Committee” of Institute of medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (EC Registration No. ECR/526/Inst/UP/2014 Dt. 31.1.14) with the reference No. Dean/2014–15/EC/1157dated:21.05.2015. (Copy attached).

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Study not related to Animal Research.

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Informed consent was obtained from the patients/parents of the patients regarding review of their medical records/reports and to have their data including clinical images published.

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Maurya, R.P., Singh, V.P., Kadir, S.M.U. et al. The study of simultaneous bilateral ocular trauma in Northern India: clinical presentation, epidemiology and patterns of injury. Int Ophthalmol 42, 1193–1203 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-02104-5

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