Abstract
Purpose
Post-rotatory nystagmus has been used to detect autism spectrum disorders in clinical settings. Although previous studies have focused on eye movements, they did not evaluate the change in ocular refraction during post-rotatory nystagmus. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in ocular refraction during post-rotatory nystagmus in healthy individuals.
Methods
A total of 34 healthy volunteers (mean age ± standard deviation, 20.9 ± 0.6 years) participated in this study. The ocular refraction during post-rotatory nystagmus was measured using MR-6000 (Tomey Inc.) on quick mode with a sampling rate of 30 Hz under noncycloplegic and cycloplegic conditions. The amplitude of post-rotatory nystagmus was calculated on the basis of the anterior eye images, while the ocular refraction measurements were simultaneously recorded. The accommodative convergence per accommodation ratio was calculated using the heterophoria method. Video oculography was performed to measure the angle of convergence during post-rotatory nystagmus.
Results
The changes in ocular refraction during post-rotatory nystagmus were significantly greater under the noncycloplegic condition than under the cycloplegic condition. The changes in ocular refraction during the post-rotatory nystagmus were significantly and positively correlated with the amplitude of post-rotatory nystagmus under the noncycloplegic condition. The angle of convergence during post-rotatory nystagmus was significantly higher under the noncycloplegic condition than under the cycloplegic condition. The changes in the angle of convergence were significantly and positively correlated with the predicted accommodative convergence.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the accommodation was functional during the post-rotatory nystagmus to compensate for the retinal image slip, and the accommodative convergence can help weaken the nystagmus.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (Masakazu Hirota), upon reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP18H04116 (MH), JP19K20728 (MH), JP19K21783 (MH), and 20H04271 (MH). This work was also supported by Charitable Trust Fund for Ophthalmic Research in Commemoration of Santen Pharmaceutical’s Founder (MH) and Takeda Science Foundation (MH).
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MH and TH contributed to conception and design. MH, RT, CO, KK, RN, and KS acquired data. MH and RT analyzed and interpreted data. MH drafted the article or revised it critically for important intellectual content. MH, RT, CO, KK, RN, KS, and TH gave final approval of the version to be published and agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after the nature and possible risks of the study were explained to them. This investigation was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The experimental protocol and consent procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Teikyo University (approval no. 19-173).
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Hirota, M., Takigawa, R., Okabe, C. et al. Refractive changes with post-rotatory nystagmus in healthy individuals. Int Ophthalmol 42, 559–573 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-02028-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-02028-0