Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on disease activation and visual outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods
In this retrospective case–control study, study arm consisted of neovascular AMD patients, who underwent phacoemulsification surgery. Patients did not have any disease activation at least 6 months before the inclusion, and all had at least 12-month follow-up thereafter. Control group consisted of phakic patients, who did not undergo eye surgery during the study period. Primary outcomes were the presence of the disease activation and the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
Results
A total of 114 neovascular AMD patients [55 (48%) in exudative group and 59 (52%) in disciform group] were included. Preoperative logMAR BCVA was significantly improved after cataract surgery [0.8 (0.6–1.0) vs. 0.4 (0.4–0.7), P < 0.001 in exudative AMD; 1.85 (1.1–1.9) vs. 1.09 (0.8–1.9), P = 0.001 in disciform scar], but this improvement was not maintained during the study period in patients with both exudative AMD and disciform scar [0.6 (0.3–1.1), P = 0.313 in exudative AMD; 1.30 (1–1.9), P = 0.03 in disciform scar]. The incidence of disease activation was not statistically significant between surgery and control groups in patients with exudative AMD [5 (25%) patients in surgery group and 8 (22%) patients in the control group, P = 0.886, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis]. In disciform scar, disease activation was observed in 4 (17%) patients in the surgery group; however, no patient in the control group had disease activation (P = 0.009, HRs could not be estimated, 95% CI 0.001–43.49, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis).
Conclusion
Cataract surgery has benefit on early postoperative visual improvement in patients with neovascular AMD. The incidence of disease activation was not affected after surgery in exudative AMD.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Liu IY, White L, LaCroix AZ (1989) The association of age-related macular degeneration and lens opacities in the aged. Am J Public Health 79:765–769
Klein R, Klein BE, Linton KL (1992) Prevalence of age-related maculopathy. The beaver dam eye study. Ophthalmology 99:933–943
Syam PP, Eleftheriadis H, Casswell AG, Brittain GP, McLeod BK, Liu CS (2004) Clinical outcome following cataract surgery in very elderly patients. Eye 18:59–62
Jaffe GJ, Martin DF, Toth CA, Daniel E, Maguire MG, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Huang J (2013) Comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials research g: macular morphology and visual acuity in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology 120:1860–1870
Chew EY, Sperduto RD, Milton RC, Clemons TE, Gensler GR, Bressler SB, Klein R, Klein BE, Ferris FL III (2009) Risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration after cataract surgery in the age-related eye disease study: AREDS report 25. Ophthalmology 116:297–303
Hooper CY, Lamoureux EL, Lim L, Fraser-Bell S, Yeoh J, Harper CA, Keeffe JE, Guymer RH (2009) Cataract surgery in high-risk age-related macular degeneration: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 37:570–576
Lee TG, Kim JH, Chang YS, Kim CG, Kim JW (2014) Factors influencing the exudation recurrence after cataract surgery in patients previously treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 252:1573–1579
Tabandeh H, Chaudhry NA, Boyer DS, Kon-Jara VA, Flynn HW Jr (2012) Outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the era of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. J Cataract Refract Surg 38:677–682
Muzyka-Wozniak M (2011) Phacoemulsification in eyes with neovascular AMD treated with anti-VEGF injections. Eur J Ophthalmol 21:766–770
Rosenfeld PJ, Shapiro H, Ehrlich JS, Wong P, Marina, Groups AS (2011) Cataract surgery in ranibizumab-treated patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration from the phase 3 ANCHOR and MARINA trials. Am J Ophthalmol 152:793–798
Grixti A, Papavasileiou E, Cortis D, Kumar BV, Prasad S (2014) Phacoemulsification surgery in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. ISRN Ophthalmol 2014:417603
Forooghian F, Agron E, Clemons TE, Ferris FL, Chew EY, Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research G (2009) Visual acuity outcomes after cataract surgery in patients with age-related macular degeneration: age-related eye disease study report no. 27. Ophthalmology 116:2093–2100
Saraf SS, Ryu CL, Ober MD (2015) The effects of cataract surgery on patients with wet macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 160(487–492):e481
Seddon JM, Sharma S, Adelman RA (2006) Evaluation of the clinical age-related maculopathy staging system. Ophthalmology 113:260–266
Fung AE, Lalwani GA, Rosenfeld PJ, Dubovy SR, Michels S, Feuer WJ, Puliafito CA, Davis JL, Flynn HW Jr, Esquiabro M (2007) An optical coherence tomography guided, variable dosing regimen with intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 143:566–583
Holladay JT (1997) Proper method for calculating average visual acuity. J Refract Surg 13:388–391
Schulze-Bonsel K, Feltgen N, Burau H, Hansen L, Bach M (2006) Visual acuities “hand motion” and “counting fingers” can be quantified with the freiburg visual acuity test. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:1236–1240
Kessel L, Erngaard D, Flesner P, Andresen J, Tendal B, Hjortdal J (2015) Cataract surgery and age-related macular degeneration. An evidence-based update. Acta Ophthalmol 93:593–600
Hartnett ME, Tinkham N, Paynter L, Geisen P, Rosenberg P, Koch G, Cohen KL (2009) Aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor as a predictor of macular thickening following cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Ophthalmol 148(895–901):e891
Noda Y, Ogawa A, Toyama T, Ueta T (2014) Long-term increase in subfoveal choroidal thickness after surgery for senile cataracts. Am J Ophthalmol 158:455–459
Ueta T, Inoue T, Yuda K, Furukawa T, Yanagi Y, Tamaki Y (2012) Intense physiological light upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor and enhances choroidal neovascularization via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:1366–1371
Midena E, Radin PP, Pilotto E, Ghirlando A, Convento E, Varano M (2004) Fixation pattern and macular sensitivity in eyes with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. A microperimetry study. Semin Ophthalmol 19(1–2):55–61
Greenstein VC, Santos RA, Tsang SH, Smith RT, Barile GR, Seiple W (2008) Preferred retinal locus in macular disease: characteristics and clinical implications. Retina 28:1234–1240
Mallah MK, Hart PM, McClure M, Stevenson MR, Silvestri G, White ST, Chakravarthy U (2001) Improvements in measures of vision and self-reported visual function after cataract extraction in patients with late-stage age-related maculopathy. Optom Vis Sci 78:683–688
Ma Y, Huang J, Zhu B, Sun Q, Miao Y, Zou H (2015) Cataract surgery in patients with bilateral advanced age-related macular degeneration: measurement of visual acuity and quality of life. J Cataract Refract Surg 41:1248–1255
Fletcher DC, Schuchard RA (2006) Visual function in patients with choroidal neovascularization resulting from age-related macular degeneration: the importance of looking beyond visual acuity. Optom Vis Sci 83:178–189
Rosenfeld PJ, Brown DM, Heier JS, Boyer DS, Kaiser PK, Chung CY, Kim RY, MARINA Study Group.et al (2006) Ranibizumab for neovascular age related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 355:1419–1431
Brown DM, Kaiser PK, Michels M, Soubrane G, Heier JS, Kim RY, Sy JP, Schneider S, ANCHOR Study Group (2006) Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 355:1432–1444
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Arıkan Yorgun, M., Toklu, Y., Kar, M.E. et al. Effect of cataract surgery in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: further evidence from disciform scars. Int Ophthalmol 38, 459–467 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-017-0480-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-017-0480-z