Evaluating exposure-driven security governance for proactive risk mitigation of AI-powered cyber attacks in digital infrastructures

Table 14 Welch ANOVA outputs and ω2 effect size for all principal metrics

Metric	Label	Welch F	df1	df2	p	ω²	ω² interpretation	Observed N
BF01	Breach frequency (incidents/year)	29.45	3	62.31	< 0.001	0.31	large	118
IRR01	Incident recurrence rate (%)	14.08	3	55.10	< 0.001	0.25	large	115
MTTD01	Mean time to detect (days)	12.52	3	56.27	< 0.001	0.18	large	110
MTTC01	Mean time to contain (days)	9.29	3	54.42	< 0.001	0.16	large	108
MTTR01	Mean time to remediate (days)	6.26	3	55.27	< 0.001	0.10	medium	112
EFF01	Analyst effort per incident (hours)	5.74	3	52.83	0.002	0.09	medium	104
SLA01	SLA compliance (%)	24.88	3	54.13	< 0.001	0.34	large	109
VIS01	Exposure visibility (0–100)	24.58	3	56.54	< 0.001	0.37	large	119
AUTO01	Automation coverage (0–100)	16.21	3	56.92	< 0.001	0.28	large	117
TI01	Threat intelligence use (0–100)	10.85	3	55.88	< 0.001	0.19	large	114
KRI01	KRI usage in decisions (0–100)	12.09	3	56.76	< 0.001	0.24	large	113
CONF01	Stakeholder satisfaction (Likert 1–5)	17.34	3	61.45	< 0.001	0.33	large	116