Notes
See Supreme Court of the Unites States, Association for Molecular Pathology, et al. v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., et al. (Washington, DC, 2013). Accessed April 19, 2015. http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/12-398_1b7d.pdf.
See Nuffield Council on Bioethics, The Ethics of Patenting DNA (London, England, 2002). Accessed April 19, 2015. http://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/The-ethics-of-patenting-DNA-a-discussion-paper.pdf; Stephen Crespi, “Patenting and Ethics—A Dubious Connection,” Journal of the Patent & Trademark Office Society 85 (2003): pp. 31–47.
See Nuffield Council of Bioethics, ibid.
See Dianne Nicol, “On the Legality of Gene Patents,” Melbourne University Law Review 29 (2005): p. 822.
See The European Parliament and of the Council, “Directive 98/44/EC,” Official Journal of the European Communities (1998): p. 218. Accessed April 19, 2015. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31998L0044:EN:HTML.
See S. Gad, M. Scheuner, S. Pages-Berhouet, V. Caux-Moncautier, A. Bensimon, A. Aurias, M. Pinto, D. Stoppa-Lyonnet, “Identification of a Large Rearrangement of the BRCA1 Gene Using Colour Bar Code on Combed DNA in an American Breast/Ovarian Cancer Family Previously Studied by Direct Sequencing,” Journal of Medical Genetics 38 (2001): p. 388.
See Nuffield Council of Bioethics, ibid.; Stephen Munzer, “Property, Patents, and Genetic Material,” in Justine Burley and John Harris, eds., A Companion to Genethics (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2002), pp. 438–454; Donna Dickenson, “Alternatives to a Corporate Commons: Biobanking, Genetics and Property in the Body,” in Imogen Goold, Kate Greasley, Jonathan Herring, and Loane Skene, eds., Persons, Parts and Property (Oxford: Hart Publishing Ltd., 2004), pp. 177–196.
See Donna Dickenson, ibid., p. 178.
See John Locke, in C. B. Macpherson, ed., Second Treatise of Government (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co, 1980), p. 19.
I would like to thank Paul Park, Wayne Norman, Suzannah Sorg, Kyung Hee Park, Carlos Mariscal, Eric Silverman, and an anonymous reviewer for The Journal of Value Inquiry for their help with this paper.
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Park, J.J. The Ethics of Patenting the BRCA Genes for Breast Cancer Research. J Value Inquiry 51, 531–545 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-017-9592-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10790-017-9592-y