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Mechanochemical Synthesis of Crystalline Compounds in the Bi2O3–GeO2 System

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Abstract

Crystalline mechanochemical synthesis products in the Bi2O3–GeO2 system are studied by x-ray diffraction. The results indicate the formation of sillenite (Bi12GeO20), eulytite (Bi4Ge3O12), and Aurivillius (Bi2GeO5) phases. The Aurivillius phase is shown to be in mechanochemical equilibrium with the sillenite phase in the 2Bi2O3 + GeO2 system and with the eulytite phase in the Bi2O 3 + GeO 2 system. The structural parameters of the synthesized metastable solid solutions are determined. The three phases contain high concen-trations of vacancies. In addition, the sillenite and Aurivillius phases are characterized by compositional disordering. Structural and ESR data point to partial reduction of the oxides, which accounts for the formation of the Aurivillius phase. According to x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, mechanical activation of bismuth oxide produces reduced binding energy states of Bi and O, which is tentatively attributed to clustering and the formation of complex radicals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Solid-State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kutateladze 18, Novosibirsk, 630128, Russia

    V. V. Zyryanov & V. I. Smirnov

  2. Research Institute of Physicochemical Problems, Belarussian State University, Leningradskaya ul. 14, Minsk, 220050, Belarus

    M. I. Ivanovskaya

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  1. V. V. Zyryanov
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  3. M. I. Ivanovskaya
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__________

Translated from Neorganicheskie Materialy, Vol. 41, No. 6, 2005, pp. 711–719.

Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Zyryanov, Smirnov, Ivanovskaya.

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Zyryanov, V.V., Smirnov, V.I. & Ivanovskaya, M.I. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Crystalline Compounds in the Bi2O3–GeO2 System. Inorg Mater 41, 618–626 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10789-005-0180-3

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