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Ethanol extract of Ziziphus nummularia ameliorates formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats by regulating oxidative stress biomarkers and haematological profile

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Abstract

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that mainly affects bone and cartilage architecture. The continuous use of NSAIDs and DMARDs is associated with severe toxic effects. Therefore, the current study was designed to scrutinize herb-based therapy for the treatment of RA.

Aim

To evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of ethanol extract of Ziziphus nummularia using formaldehyde-induced arthritic model in rats and elucidate the possible mechanism for anti-arthritic activity.

Materials and methods

Anti-arthritic activity of ETZN was studied at three oral doses, i.e., 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Selected doses were studied using various clinical parameters viz. paw volume, inflammatory index, motility test, stair test, anti-nociceptive efficacy, walking track analysis, and motor activity) from day 1 to day 10. On the last day, the animals were killed for the evaluation of hematological parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, and histological and radiographic studies of the hind paw.

Results

Treatment with ETZN 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg markedly elicited a significant reduction in paw volume, inflammatory index, and nociceptive action compared to diseased animals. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed by increased latency of pain threshold in thermal and mechanical algesia models. The anti-arthritic activity is mainly attributed to a reduction in oxidative stress biomarkers as well as restoration of haematological profile in treated animals when compared to diseased animals. Lastly, the anti-arthritic potential was confirmed by histological and radiological analysis which revealed a marked reduction in inflammatory cells and bone destruction as compared to diseased animals.

Conclusion

The study revealed that ETZN exhibits significant anti-arthritic activity via modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers, restoration of hematological profile, and reduction in bone erosion.

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Acknowledgements

The present study was supported by the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak.

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The author declare that no funding is provided for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India

    Hitesh Malhotra

  2. Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Vandana Garg & Govind Singh

  3. GMN College, Ambala, Haryana, India

    Rohit Dutt

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  1. Hitesh Malhotra
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  2. Vandana Garg
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  3. Govind Singh
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  4. Rohit Dutt
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Correspondence to Vandana Garg.

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Malhotra, H., Garg, V., Singh, G. et al. Ethanol extract of Ziziphus nummularia ameliorates formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats by regulating oxidative stress biomarkers and haematological profile. Inflammopharmacol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01377-9

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