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Exploring the role of exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis

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Abstract

In prosperous countries, autoimmune illnesses affect minimum 7% of the community. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) as an autoimmune illness is thought to be induced through a variety of genomic, physiological, and biological factors. Many experts in the field of nanomedicine have looked to stem cells as a viable strategy to repair human tissue; however, exosomes have demonstrated greater potential in recent years. Exosomes, produced from stem cells in particular, have exhibited a high propensity to give therapeutic effects. To resist local cellular stress, they are secreted in a paracrine manner from cells. As a result, exosomes produced from stem cells can provide enormous health uses. If treatment is not given, autoantibodies produce synovial inflammation and arthritis, which can lead to chronic inflammation, and impairment. Exosomes could be administered for the treatment of RA, by acting as therapeutic vectors. Exosomes are murine extracellular vesicles that influence biological mechanisms and signal transduction by transporting genetic and protein components. Diseases like RA and bone fractures could be treated using cell-free therapeutic strategies if exosomes could be isolated from stem cells efficiently and packaged with specific restorative substances. To get to this position, many breakthroughs must be achieved, and the following review summarises the most recent developments in stem cell-derived exosomes, with a focus on the important literature on exosome dynamics in RA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India

    Anuja Singh

  2. School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Tapan Behl

  3. Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, 133207

    Sukhbir Singh & Neelam Sharma

  4. Central Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, India

    Maaz Naqwi

  5. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Anil Mavi

  6. Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    Randhir Singh

  7. GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Aayush Sehgal

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  1. Anuja Singh
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Contributions

Conceptualization, AS and TB; investigation, AS, TB, RS and ASH; writing—original draft preparation, AS and TB, figure making, ASH, SS and NS, literature collection: TB, RS and AS, editing, reviewing and proof reading: MN and AM, proof read: TB and RS.

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Correspondence to Tapan Behl or Randhir Singh.

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Singh, A., Behl, T., Sehgal, A. et al. Exploring the role of exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacol 31, 119–128 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-01100-0

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