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MicroRNAs-mediated regulation pathways in rheumatic diseases

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Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are two common rheumatic disorders marked by persistent inflammatory joint disease. Patients with RA have osteodestructive symptoms, but those with AS have osteoproliferative manifestations. Ligaments, joints, tendons, bones, and muscles are all affected by rheumatic disorders. In recent years, many epigenetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid disorders have been studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules implicated as potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers in rheumatic diseases. MiRNAs play a critical role in the modulation of bone homeostasis and joint remodeling by controlling fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Several miRNAs have been shown to be dysregulated in rheumatic diseases, including miR-10a, 16, 17, 18a, 19, 20a, 21, 27a, 29a, 34a, 103a, 125b, 132, 137, 143, 145, 146a, 155, 192, 203, 221, 222, 301a, 346, and 548a.The major molecular pathways governed by miRNAs in these cells are Wnt, bone-morphogenic protein (BMP), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)—RANK ligand (RANKL), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor pathway. This review aimed to provide an overview of the most important signaling pathways controlled by miRNAs in rheumatic diseases.

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Data availability

Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

Abbreviations

AS:

Ankylosing spondylitis

ATF4:

Activating transcription factor 4

BMPR2:

BMP receptor type II

BMP:

Bone-morphogenic protein

CLCN7:

Chloride channel 7

cIAP2:

Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2

DNMT1, DKK2:

Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 2; DNA methyltransferase 1

FSTL1, EMT:

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition; follistatin-like 1

FLS:

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes

FOXC1:

Forkhead box C1

FZD:

Frizzled class receptor

GSK3β:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β

IRAK1:

IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1

IFN:

Interferon

JNK:

C-Jun N-terminal kinase

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharides

LRP:

Lipoprotein-related receptor

M-CSF:

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinases

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteases

MITF:

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor

NFAT:

Nuclear factor of activated T

NFκB:

Nuclear factor-κB; Notch1, Notch homolog 1 translocation-associated

OA:

Osteoarthritis

OSCAR:

Osteoclast-associated receptor

OPG:

Osteoprotegerin

PTHrP:

Parathyroid hormone-related protein

PDCD4:

Programmed cell death 4

PKR:

Protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

Runx2:

Runt-related transcription factor 2

SOCS1:

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1

SFRP2:

Secreted frizzled-related protein 2

TAB1:

TGF-β activated kinase 1 (MAP3K7) binding protein 1

TAK1:

TGF-β-activated kinase 1

TNFAIP3:

Tumor necrosis factor-3 alpha-induced protein

TRAF6:

TNF receptor-associated factor 6

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

TCF-1:

Transcription factors 1

WISP:

Wnt inducible signaling pathway proteins

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Funding

This research has been supported by grants from the Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sara Assadiasl, Narjes Soleimanifar & Mohammad Hossein Nicknam

  2. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Misagh Rajabinejad

  3. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Misagh Rajabinejad

  4. Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Farideh Makiyan

  5. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

    Esfandiar Azizi

  6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Bākhtarān, Iran

    Alireza Rezaiemanesh

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  1. Sara Assadiasl
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SA, NS, FM, and EA completed the first draft and MR prepared the figures. AR and MHN developed the idea and supervised the writing process. All authors participated in the revision of the manuscript and approved its final version.

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Assadiasl, S., Rajabinejad, M., Soleimanifar, N. et al. MicroRNAs-mediated regulation pathways in rheumatic diseases. Inflammopharmacol 31, 129–144 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-01097-6

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