Abstract
Gold (Au) compounds were used as an effective therapeutic agent for various inflammatory diseases; however, the use of Au compounds becomes limited because of its association with several side effects. Hence, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were developed as a new option for the medical proposes. However, the safety evaluation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment remains vague. This study aimed to biosynthesize, characterize and evaluate the therapeutic effects of biosynthesized AuNPs and/or Diacerein® (DIA) in experimental OA. OA was induced by a single injection of monosodium iodoacetate (3 mg/joint) in the intra-articular knee of female rats. Normal rats (N-rats) and OA-rats were treated orally for 5 weeks as follow: untreated N-rats; untreated OA-rats; N-rats received DIA (50 mg/kg b.w); N-rats received AuNPs (30 μg/kg b.w.); N-rats received AuNPs plus DIA; OA-rats received DIA; OA-rats received AuNPs, and OA-rats received AuNPs plus DIA. Blood, knee cartilage, liver and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. The synthesized AuNPs were nearly spherical with average size of 20 nm and zeta potential of 33 mV. AuNPs and DIA induced a significant improvement in serum inflammatory cytokines, biochemical parameters, estrogen level, hepatic and renal oxidative markers, hepatic DNA fragmentation, genomic template stability and cartilage joint histology of OA-rats. AuNPs were more effective than DIA and the combined treatment was more effective than the single treatment. It could be concluded that AuNPs are promising for the treatment of OA alone or in combination with DIA.
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This work was supported by the Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University and The National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt project # 12050305.
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This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors MAA-A, AAE-N, SHA-A and HAS carried out the experimental work, managed the literature searches and shared in writing the first draft of the manuscript. Authors MAA-W and HMAA wrote the protocol, managed the project, managed the analyses of the study, performed the statistical analysis and wrote the final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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All animals were received humane care in agreement with the guidelines of the Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt and the National Institutes of Health (NIH publication 86-23 revised 1985) under the ethical approval # 12050305 (Dec 2019).
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Abdel-Aziz, M.A., Ahmed, H.M.S., El-Nekeety, A.A. et al. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles for the treatment of osteoarthritis alone or in combination with Diacerein® in a rat model. Inflammopharmacol 29, 705–719 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00833-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-021-00833-8