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Osthole ameliorates neurogenic and inflammatory hyperalgesia by modulation of iNOS, COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines in mice

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Abstract

Background

Osthole is a bioactive component reported in medicinal plants such as Angelica pubescens and Cnidium monnieri, known for analgesic activity. However, the toxicity, median effective dose (ED50), and dual modulation of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase pathways along with inflammatory cytokines of osthole are yet to be determined.

Methods

The animals (mice) were assessed for general behaviour and mortality in varying doses (50, 300, and 2000 mg kg−1) of osthole for acute toxicity over 14 days. The analgesic activity was investigated using acetic acid and formalin-induced hyperalgesia, and anti-inflammatory activity was explored in carrageenan-induced paw oedema. ED50 of osthole was calculated using Design Expert software. Involvement of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase pathways was investigated by agonist challenges with l-arginine and substance P, respectively. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined in spinal sections by immunohistochemical analysis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was used to assess in vivo effect on inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6).

Results

Acute toxicity studies revealed no behavioural abnormality or mortality on osthole treatment and unremarkable histological findings. Osthole was found to significantly decrease acetic acid and formalin-induced hyperalgesia (ED50 = 5.43 mg kg−1) and carrageenan-induced paw oedema with no toxicity symptoms. Osthole produced a marked decrease in iNOS and COX-2 expression as well as TNFα and IL-6. The findings corroborate to modulation of iNOS and COX-2 and inflammatory cytokines by osthole. This study provides promising insights and prospects for application of osthole in pain management.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for funding received under EMR (EMR/2016/005878). University Grants Commission, New Delhi, is acknowledged for the financial assistance to Gurjit Singh (UGC-NFSC) and grant under university with potential for Excellence to Guru Nanak Dev University. Statistical analysis performed by Dr. M.S. Bhatti, Associate Professor, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Gurjit Singh & Rajbir Bhatti

  2. Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India

    Rahul Mannan

  3. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India

    Drishtant Singh & Anup Kesavan

  4. Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India

    Palwinder Singh

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  1. Gurjit Singh
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Correspondence to Rajbir Bhatti.

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Singh, G., Bhatti, R., Mannan, R. et al. Osthole ameliorates neurogenic and inflammatory hyperalgesia by modulation of iNOS, COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines in mice. Inflammopharmacol 27, 949–960 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-018-0486-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-018-0486-9

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