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Targeting oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase, proinflammatory cytokine, dopamine and GABA by eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus) to alleviate ketamine-induced psychosis in rats

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Abstract

Essential oil of eucalyptus species is among the most common traded essential oils in the world. There is an increasing interest in the application of eucalyptus oil as a natural additive in food and pharmaceutical industry. The present study was undertaken to identify the phytoconstituents present in the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EO) and ascertain their protective effect against ketamine-induced psychosis in rats. GC–MS technique was used for analysis of phytoconstituents present in EO. Ketamine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce psychosis in rats. Photoactometer, forced swim test and pole climb avoidance test were used to evaluate the protective effects of the EO (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, p.o.) on acute and chronic administration. Bar test was used to test the side effect of EO. Biochemical and neurochemical estimations were carried out to explore the possible mechanism of action. GC–MS analysis of EO showed the presence of a number of biologically active compounds. EO at the dose of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, p.o. on acute and chronic administration, decreased locomotor activity, immobility duration and latency to climb the pole. EO was effective to facilitate the release of GABA, increase GSH levels, inhibit dopamine neurotransmission and decrease TNF-α levels as well as diminish AChE activity in different regions of the brain. EO at the dose of 500, 1000 mg/kg did not produce cataleptic behavior in rats. EO at the dose of 500, 1000 mg/kg produced protective effects against ketamine-induced psychosis and can be further explored clinically against neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Abbreviations

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

GSH:

Glutathione

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

NMDA:

N-Methyl-d-aspartate

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana (India) for financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, India

    Monu Yadav, Deepak Kumar Jindal & Milind Parle

  2. University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Anil Kumar

  3. Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

    Sameer Dhingra

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  1. Monu Yadav
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  2. Deepak Kumar Jindal
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  4. Anil Kumar
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Correspondence to Sameer Dhingra.

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Yadav, M., Jindal, D.K., Parle, M. et al. Targeting oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase, proinflammatory cytokine, dopamine and GABA by eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus) to alleviate ketamine-induced psychosis in rats. Inflammopharmacol 27, 301–311 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-018-0455-3

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