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Anti-inflammatory activity of the functional groups present in Hippophae rhamnoides (Seabuckthorn) leaf extract

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An Erratum to this article was published on 09 May 2017

This article has been updated

Abstract

Ethno pharmacological relevance

The study explores the anti-inflammatory activity of components present in fractions obtained from leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Aim of the study

Immunomodulators salvage the immune response by enhancing or reducing its capacity to the required level. Plant extracts are extensively used as immunomodulators because of their easy availability, simple methods of preparation and minimum side effects with maximum efficacy.

Materials and methods

The present study was conducted to assess the immunomodulatory activities of phyto constituents present in Seabuckthorn leaves. The aqueous–alcoholic leaf extract was subjected to successive and parallel extraction in the presence of polar and non-polar solvents for fractionation of compounds. Based on the yield, three fractions were selected viz. parallel methanol (PM), successive chloroform (SC) and successive methanol (SM) and screened for in vitro immunomodulatory activities. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from Balb/c mice and cultured with or without LPS to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the three fractions on cell viability, hemolytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) production, cytokine levels, iNOS and COX-2 expressions.

Results

The results revealed that none of the three fractions induced hemolysis. Cells treated with PM fraction significantly suppressed LPS-induced NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ as compared to SC and SM treatment. The iNOS and COX-2 expressions were also significantly reduced after treatment with PM fraction.

Conclusions

The decrease in LPS-induced NO production, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, iNOS and COX-2 expression signifies anti-inflammatory properties of PM fraction containing tannins, proteins and carbohydrate groups. Hence, this plant-derived immunomodulator can be used as a therapeutic agent in inflammatory diseases.

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Change history

  • 09 May 2017

    An erratum to this article has been published.

Abbreviations

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

COX-2:

Cycloxygenase-2

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid

ELISA:

Enzyme linked immuno assay

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

FCS:

Fetal calf serum

HPLC:

High-pressure thin layer chromatography

HPTLC:

High-performance thin layer chromatography

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

IFN-γ:

Interferon-γ

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1 beta

IL-4:

Interleukin-4

IL-6:

Interlukin-6

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

LPS:

Lipopolysacchride

MTT:

(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)

NO:

Nitric oxide

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

PBS:

Phosphate buffer saline

PM:

Parallel methanol extract

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene fluoride

SC:

Successive chloroform extract

SDS PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SM:

Successive methanol extract

TLC:

Thin layer chromatography

TMB:

3,3′5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

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Acknowledgements

Himanshi thanks UGC for the financial support in the form of Senior Research Fellowship. The Defence R&D Organization (DRDO) is greatly acknowledged for the funding of the project. The authors thank Mr. Bhagwat Singh (Experimental Animals Facility) for providing experimental animals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immunomodulation Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India

    Himanshi Tanwar,  Shweta, Divya Singh, Shashi Bala Singh & Lilly Ganju

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  1. Himanshi Tanwar
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  2. Shweta
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  3. Divya Singh
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  4. Shashi Bala Singh
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Correspondence to Lilly Ganju.

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The incorrect author group was published in the original version. It has been corrected and updated now.

An erratum to this article is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0353-0.

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Tanwar, H., Shweta, Singh, D. et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of the functional groups present in Hippophae rhamnoides (Seabuckthorn) leaf extract. Inflammopharmacol 26, 291–301 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0345-0

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