Abstract
Quantum communication is a technique in which quantum information is transferred from one place to another. There are several quantum communication protocols, starting from quantum key distribution (QKD). The most popular of them is quantum dialogue (QD), which enables communicants to exchange their secret messages simultaneously. QD can be broadly classified into controller dependent and controller-independent protocols. In this work, we aim to analyze the various characteristics such as the quantum resource, the measurement used, the encoding rules, and the dishonesty of the controller of quantum dialogue protocols. From the analysis of the considered protocols, we have found that the controller-independent QD protocol can be preferred over the controller-dependent protocol.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nielsen, M.A., Chuang, I.L.: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, New Delhi (2008)
Sharma, V., Shukla, C., Banerjee, S., Pathak, A.: Controlled bidirectional remote state preparation in noisy environment: a generalized view. Quantum Inf Process. 14, (2015)
Sharma, V., Banerjee, S.: Quantum communication using code division multiple access network. Opt Quant Electron. 52(8), (2020)
Sharma, V.: Analysis of single photon detectors in differential phase shift quantum key distribution. Opt Quant Electron. 55, 888 (2023)
Sharma, V.: Effect of noise on practical quantum communication systems. Def. Sci. J. 66(2), 186–192 (2016)
Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G.: Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. In:Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, pp.175–179 (1984)
Kalra, M., Poonia, R.C.: Design a new protocol for quantum key distribution. J Inform Optim Sci. 38, 6 (2017)
Chong, S.-K., Hwang, T.: Quantum key agreement protocol based on BB84. Opt. Commun. 283, (2010)
Sharma, V., Thapliyal, K., Pathak, A., et al.: A comparative study of protocols for secure quantum communication under noisy environment: single-qubit-based protocols versus entangled-state-based protocols. Quantum Inf Process. 15, (2016)
Boström, K., Felbinger, T.: Deterministic secure direct communication using entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 18 (2002)
Sharma, V., Shrikant, U., Srikanth, R., Banerjee, S.: Decoherence can help quantum cryptographic security. Quantum Inf Process. 17, 1–16 (2018)
Nguyen, B.A.: Quantum dialogue. Phys. Lett. A. 328(1), 6–10 (2004)
Man, Z.X., Zhang, Z.J., Li, Y.: Quantum dialogue revisited. Chin. Phys. Lett. 22(1), 22–24 (2005)
Xia, Y., Fu, C.B., Zhang, S., Hong, S.K., Yeon, K.H., Um, C.L.: Quantum dialogue by using GHZ state. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 48(1), 24–27 (2006)
Man, Z.X., Xia, Y.J., Zhang, Z.J.: Secure deterministic bidirectional communication without entanglement. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 4(4), 739–746 (2006)
Shi, G.F., Xi, X.Q., Hu, M.L., Yue, R.H.: Quantum secure dialogue by using single photons. Opt. Commun. 283, 1984 (2010)
Man, Z.X., Xia, Y.J.: Controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication by using a GHZ state. Chin. Phys. Lett. 23(7), 1680–1682 (2006)
Xia, Y., Song, J., Nie, J., Song, H.S.: Controlled secure quantum dialogue using a pure entangled GHZ states. Commun. Theor. Phys. 48(5), 841–846 (2007)
Ye, T.Y., Jiang, L.Z.: Improvement of controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication using a GHZ state. Chin. Phys. Lett. 30(4), 040305 (2013)
Chang, C.-H., Luo, Y.-P., Yang, C.-W., Hwang, T.: Intercept-and-resend attack on controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication and its improvement. Quantum Inf. Process. 14, 3515–3522 (2015)
Mohapatra, A.K., Balakrishnan, S.: Controller-independent bidirectional quantum direct communication. Quantum Inf. Process. 16, 147 (2017)
Yun-Jie, X., Zhong-Xiao, M.: Controlled quantum n-party simultaneous direct communication. Commun. Theor. Phys. 48, (2007)
Gisin, N., Thew, R.: Quantum communication. Nat. Photo. 1, 3 (2007)
Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., N.: Rosen.: Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)
Schrödinger, E.: Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik. Sci. Nat. 23(48), 807–812 (1935)
Horodecki, R., Horodecki, M. Horodecki.: Entanglement and thermodynamical analogies. arXiv [quant-ph] (1998)
Srikanth, A., Balakrishnan, S.: Controller-independent quantum bidirectional communication using non-maximally entangled states. Quantum Inf. Process. 19, 1–11 (2020)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sunny, C., Balakrishnan, S. Significance of Controller Independent Bell state-based communication protocol. Int J Theor Phys 62, 229 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-023-05486-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-023-05486-7